curl/tests/http

The curl HTTP Test Suite

This is an additional test suite using a combination of Apache httpd and nghttpx servers to perform various tests beyond the capabilities of the standard curl test suite.

Usage

The test cases and necessary files are in tests/http. You can invoke pytest from there or from the top level curl checkout and it finds all tests.

curl> pytest test/http
platform darwin -- Python 3.9.15, pytest-6.2.0, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /Users/sei/projects/curl
collected 5 items

tests/http/test_01_basic.py .....

Pytest takes arguments. -v increases its verbosity and can be used several times. -k <expr> can be used to run only matching test cases. The expr can be something resembling a python test or just a string that needs to match test cases in their names.

curl/tests/http> pytest -vv -k test_01_02

runs all test cases that have test_01_02 in their name. This does not have to be the start of the name.

Depending on your setup, some test cases may be skipped and appear as s in the output. If you run pytest verbose, it also gives you the reason for skipping.

Prerequisites

You need:

1. a recent Python, the cryptography module and, of course, pytest
2. an apache httpd development version. On Debian/Ubuntu, the package apache2-dev has this
3. a local curl project build
4. optionally, a nghttpx with HTTP/3 enabled or h3 test cases are skipped

Configuration

Via curl's configure script you may specify:

• --with-test-nghttpx=<path-of-nghttpx> if you have nghttpx to use somewhere outside your $PATH.
• --with-test-httpd=<httpd-install-path> if you have an Apache httpd installed somewhere else. On Debian/Ubuntu it will otherwise look into /usr/bin and /usr/sbin to find those.
• --with-test-caddy=<caddy-install-path> if you have a Caddy web server installed somewhere else.
• --with-test-vsftpd=<vsftpd-install-path> if you have a vsftpd ftp server installed somewhere else.

Usage Tips

Several test cases are parameterized, for example with the HTTP version to use. If you want to run a test with a particular protocol only, use a command line like:

curl/tests/http> pytest -k "test_02_06 and h2"

Test cases can be repeated, with the pytest-repeat module (pip install pytest-repeat). Like in:

curl/tests/http> pytest -k "test_02_06 and h2" --count=100

which then runs this test case a hundred times. In case of flaky tests, you can make pytest stop on the first one with:

curl/tests/http> pytest -k "test_02_06 and h2" --count=100 --maxfail=1

which allow you to inspect output and log files for the failed run. Speaking of log files, the verbosity of pytest is also used to collect curl trace output. If you specify -v three times, the curl command is started with --trace:

curl/tests/http> pytest -vvv -k "test_02_06 and h2" --count=100 --maxfail=1

all of curl's output and trace file are found in tests/http/gen/curl.

Writing Tests

There is a lot of pytest documentation with examples. No use in repeating that here. Assuming you are somewhat familiar with it, it is useful how this general test suite is setup. Especially if you want to add test cases.

Servers

In conftest.py 3 "fixtures" are defined that are used by all test cases:

1. env: the test environment. It is an instance of class testenv/env.py:Env. It holds all information about paths, availability of features (HTTP/3), port numbers to use, domains and SSL certificates for those.
2. httpd: the Apache httpd instance, configured and started, then stopped at the end of the test suite. It has sites configured for the domains from env. It also loads a local module mod_curltest? and makes it available in certain locations. (more on mod_curltest below).
3. nghttpx: an instance of nghttpx that provides HTTP/3 support. nghttpx proxies those requests to the httpd server. In a direct mapping, so you may access all the resources under the same path as with HTTP/2. Only the port number used for HTTP/3 requests are different.

pytest manages these fixture so that they are created once and terminated before exit. This means you can Ctrl-C a running pytest and the server then shutdowns. Only when you brutally chop its head off, might there be servers left behind.

Test Cases

Tests making use of these fixtures have them in their parameter list. This tells pytest that a particular test needs them, so it has to create them. Since one can invoke pytest for just a single test, it is important that a test references the ones it needs.

All test cases start with test_ in their name. We use a double number scheme to group them. This makes it ease to run only specific tests and also give a short mnemonic to communicate trouble with others in the project. Otherwise you are free to name test cases as you think fitting.

Tests are grouped thematically in a file with a single Python test class. This is convenient if you need a special "fixture" for several tests. "fixtures" can have "class" scope.

There is a curl helper class that knows how to invoke curl and interpret its output. Among other things, it does add the local CA to the command line, so that SSL connections to the test servers are verified. Nothing prevents anyone from running curl directly, for specific uses not covered by the CurlClient class.

mod_curltest

The module source code is found in testenv/mod_curltest. It is compiled using the apxs command, commonly provided via the apache2-dev package. Compilation is quick and done once at the start of a test run.

The module adds 2 "handlers" to the Apache server (right now). Handler are pieces of code that receive HTTP requests and generate the response. Those handlers are:

• curltest-echo: hooked up on the path /curltest/echo. This one echoes a request and copies all data from the request body to the response body. Useful for simulating upload and checking that the data arrived as intended.
• curltest-tweak: hooked up on the path /curltest/tweak. This handler is more of a Swiss army knife. It interprets parameters from the URL query string to drive its behavior.
  • status=nnn: generate a response with HTTP status code nnn.
  • chunks=n: generate n chunks of data in the response body, defaults to 3.
  • chunk_size=nnn: each chunk should contain nnn bytes of data. Maximum is 16KB right now.
  • chunkd_delay=duration: wait duration time between writing chunks
  • delay=duration: wait duration time to send the response headers
  • body_error=(timeout|reset): produce an error after the first chunk in the response body
  • id=str: add str in the response header request-id

duration values are integers, optionally followed by a unit. Units are:

• d: days (probably not useful here)
• h: hours
• mi: minutes
• s: seconds (the default)
• ms: milliseconds

As you can see, mod_curltest's tweak handler allow to simulate many kinds of responses. An example of its use is test_03_01 where responses are delayed using chunk_delay. This gives the response a defined duration and the test uses that to reload httpd in the middle of the first request. A graceful reload in httpd lets ongoing requests finish, but closes the connection afterwards and tears down the serving process. The following request then needs to open a new connection. This is verified by the test case.