Public curl headers are best not to define 3rd-party or system macros.
Introduce `CURL_HAS_DECLSPEC_ATTRIBUTE` to cover this system macro and
use it.
Detected by test1167 after dropping the indentation:
```
test 1167...[Verify curl prefix of public symbols in header files]
/usr/bin/perl -I. -I. returned 1, when expecting 0
1167: exit FAILED
== Contents of files in the log/10/ dir after test 1167
=== Start of file server.cmd
Testnum 1167
=== End of file server.cmd
=== Start of file stdout1167
Bad symbols in public header files:
__has_declspec_attribute(x)
=== End of file stdout1167
```
Ref: https://github.com/curl/curl/actions/runs/13533200900/job/37819784405?pr=16490#step:42:2087
Ref: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#has-declspec-attribute
Follow-up to 50482b8c0a#3616
Ref: #16496 (fixing test1167)
Closes#16491
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