examples: prefer return over exit() (cont.)

Some of these calls were not in callbacks. These examples may leak
handles.

Also fix some whitespace.

Follow-up to 08c7c937dc #16507
Closes #16524

.github/workflows/distcheck.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ concurrency:
 
 permissions: {}
 
+env:
+  MAKEFLAGS: -j 5
+
 jobs:
   maketgz-and-verify-in-tree:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -55,9 +58,9 @@ jobs:
           tar xvf curl-99.98.97.tar.gz
           pushd curl-99.98.97
           ./configure --prefix=$HOME/temp --without-ssl --without-libpsl
-          make -j5
-          make -j5 test-ci
-          make -j5 install
+          make
+          make test-ci
+          make install
           popd
           # basic check of the installed files
           bash scripts/installcheck.sh $HOME/temp
@@ -80,8 +83,8 @@ jobs:
           mkdir build
           pushd build
           ../curl-99.98.97/configure --without-ssl --without-libpsl
-          make -j5
-          make -j5 test-ci
+          make
+          make test-ci
           popd
           rm -rf build
           rm -rf curl-99.98.97
@@ -103,9 +106,9 @@ jobs:
           mkdir build
           pushd build
           ../configure --without-ssl --enable-debug "--prefix=${PWD}/pkg" --without-libpsl
-          make -j5
-          make -j5 test-ci
-          make -j5 install
+          make
+          make test-ci
+          make install
 
   verify-out-of-tree-cmake:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -122,7 +125,7 @@ jobs:
           tar xvf curl-99.98.97.tar.gz
           pushd curl-99.98.97
           cmake -B build -DCURL_WERROR=ON -DCURL_USE_LIBPSL=OFF
-          make -C build -j5
+          make -C build
 
   missing-files:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

.github/workflows/http3-linux.yml

@@ -454,9 +454,7 @@ jobs:
           grep -F '#define' bld/lib/curl_config.h | sort || true
 
       - name: 'test configs'
-        run: |
-          cat bld/tests/config || true
-          cat bld/tests/http/config.ini || true
+        run: grep -H -v '^#' bld/tests/config bld/tests/http/config.ini || true
 
       - name: 'build'
         run: |
@@ -500,7 +498,6 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: 'run pytest event based'
         env:
-          TFLAGS: '${{ matrix.build.tflags }}'
           CURL_TEST_EVENT: 1
           CURL_CI: github
           PYTEST_ADDOPTS: '--color=yes'

.github/workflows/linux.yml

@@ -304,7 +304,8 @@ jobs:
             libtool autoconf automake pkgconf ninja-build \
             ${{ matrix.build.install_steps != 'skipall' && matrix.build.install_steps != 'skiprun' && 'stunnel4' || '' }} \
             libpsl-dev libbrotli-dev libzstd-dev \
-            ${{ matrix.build.install_packages }}
+            ${{ matrix.build.install_packages }} \
+            ${{ contains(matrix.build.install_steps, 'pytest') && 'apache2 apache2-dev libnghttp2-dev vsftpd' || '' }}
           python3 -m venv $HOME/venv
 
       - name: 'install prereqs'
@@ -319,11 +320,6 @@ jobs:
             ${{ matrix.build.install_packages }}
           python3 -m venv $HOME/venv
 
-      - name: 'install prereqs for pytest'
-        if: contains(matrix.build.install_steps, 'pytest')
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Use-Pty=0 install apache2 apache2-dev libnghttp2-dev vsftpd
-
       - name: 'install dependencies'
         if: startsWith(matrix.build.container, 'alpine')
         run: |
@@ -616,9 +612,7 @@ jobs:
           grep -F '#define' bld/lib/curl_config.h | sort || true
 
       - name: 'test configs'
-        run: |
-          cat bld/tests/config || true
-          cat bld/tests/http/config.ini || true
+        run: grep -H -v '^#' bld/tests/config bld/tests/http/config.ini || true
 
       - name: 'build'
         run: |
@@ -694,7 +688,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: 'run pytest'
         if: contains(matrix.build.install_steps, 'pytest')
         env:
-          TFLAGS: '${{ matrix.build.tflags }}'
           CURL_CI: github
           PYTEST_ADDOPTS: '--color=yes'
         run: |

.github/workflows/macos.yml

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ permissions: {}
 # newer than the 10.8 required by `CFURLCreateDataAndPropertiesFromResource`.
 
 env:
-  LDFLAGS: -w  # suppress 'object file was built for newer macOS version than being linked' warnings
   MAKEFLAGS: -j 4
+  LDFLAGS: -w  # suppress 'object file was built for newer macOS version than being linked' warnings
 
 jobs:
   macos:
@@ -123,9 +123,10 @@ jobs:
             compiler: clang
             configure: --enable-debug --with-openssl=$(brew --prefix openssl)
             tflags: --test-event
-          - name: 'OpenSSL libssh2 !ldap 10.15'
+          - name: 'quictls libssh2 !ldap 10.15'
             compiler: clang
-            configure: --enable-debug --disable-ldap --with-openssl=$(brew --prefix openssl)
+            install: quictls
+            configure: --enable-debug --disable-ldap --with-openssl=$(brew --prefix quictls) LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS} -L$(brew --prefix quictls)/lib"
             macos-version-min: '10.15'
           # cmake
           - name: 'OpenSSL gsasl rtmp AppleIDN'
@@ -136,9 +137,9 @@ jobs:
             generate: -DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=$(brew --prefix openssl) -DUSE_APPLE_IDN=ON -DCURL_CLANG_TIDY=ON -DCLANG_TIDY=$(brew --prefix llvm)/bin/clang-tidy
             clang-tidy: true
             chkprefill: _chkprefill
-          - name: 'OpenSSL +static libssh +examples'
-            install: libssh
-            generate: -DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=$(brew --prefix openssl) -DBUILD_STATIC_LIBS=ON -DCURL_USE_LIBSSH2=OFF -DCURL_USE_LIBSSH=ON
+          - name: 'quictls +static libssh +examples'
+            install: quictls libssh
+            generate: -DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=$(brew --prefix quictls) -DBUILD_STATIC_LIBS=ON -DCURL_USE_LIBSSH2=OFF -DCURL_USE_LIBSSH=ON
           - name: 'SecureTransport debug'
             generate: -DCURL_USE_SECTRANSP=ON -DENABLE_DEBUG=ON
             macos-version-min: '10.8'
@@ -184,11 +185,12 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           echo ${{ matrix.build.generate && 'ninja' || 'automake libtool' }} \
             pkgconf libpsl libssh2 \
-            ${{ !matrix.build.clang-tidy && 'nghttp2 stunnel' || '' }} \
+            ${{ !matrix.build.clang-tidy && 'libnghttp2 stunnel' || '' }} \
             ${{ matrix.build.install }} | xargs -Ix -n1 echo brew '"x"' > /tmp/Brewfile
           while [[ $? == 0 ]]; do for i in 1 2 3; do brew update && brew bundle install --no-lock --file /tmp/Brewfile && break 2 || { echo Error: wait to try again; sleep 10; } done; false Too many retries; done
 
       - name: 'brew unlink openssl'
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.build.install, 'libressl') || contains(matrix.build.install, 'quictls') }}
         run: |
           if test -d $(brew --prefix)/include/openssl; then
             brew unlink openssl
@@ -343,7 +345,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ contains(matrix.build.name, '+examples') }}
         run: |
           if [ -n '${{ matrix.build.generate }}' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --target curl-examples --verbose
+            cmake --build bld --verbose --target curl-examples
           else
             make -C bld examples V=1
           fi

.github/workflows/non-native.yml

@@ -59,21 +59,21 @@ jobs:
             time cmake -B bld -G Ninja \
               -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD=ON -DCURL_TEST_BUNDLES=ON \
               -DCURL_WERROR=ON \
-              -DENABLE_DEBUG=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG= \
+              -DENABLE_DEBUG=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
               -DCURL_USE_OPENSSL=ON \
               -DCURL_USE_GSSAPI=ON \
               || { cat bld/CMakeFiles/CMake*.yaml; false; }
             echo '::group::curl_config.h (raw)'; cat bld/lib/curl_config.h || true; echo '::endgroup::'
             echo '::group::curl_config.h'; grep -F '#define' bld/lib/curl_config.h | sort || true; echo '::endgroup::'
-            time cmake --build bld --config Debug
+            time cmake --build bld
             bld/src/curl --disable --version
             if [ '${{ matrix.arch }}' = 'x86_64' ]; then  # Slow on emulated CPU
-              time cmake --build bld --config Debug --target testdeps
+              time cmake --build bld --target testdeps
               export TFLAGS='-j4'
-              time cmake --build bld --config Debug --target test-ci
+              time cmake --build bld --target test-ci
             fi
             echo '::group::build examples'
-            time cmake --build bld --config Debug --target curl-examples
+            time cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
             echo '::endgroup::'
 
   openbsd:
@@ -100,20 +100,20 @@ jobs:
             time cmake -B bld -G Ninja \
               -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD=ON -DCURL_TEST_BUNDLES=ON \
               -DCURL_WERROR=ON \
-              -DENABLE_DEBUG=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG= \
+              -DENABLE_DEBUG=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
               -DCURL_USE_OPENSSL=ON \
               || { cat bld/CMakeFiles/CMake*.yaml; false; }
             echo '::group::curl_config.h (raw)'; cat bld/lib/curl_config.h || true; echo '::endgroup::'
             echo '::group::curl_config.h'; grep -F '#define' bld/lib/curl_config.h | sort || true; echo '::endgroup::'
-            time cmake --build bld --config Debug
+            time cmake --build bld
             bld/src/curl --disable --version
             if [ '${{ matrix.arch }}' = 'x86_64' ]; then  # Slow on emulated CPU
-              time cmake --build bld --config Debug --target testdeps
+              time cmake --build bld --target testdeps
               export TFLAGS='-j8 ~3017 ~TFTP ~FTP'  # FIXME: TFTP requests executed twice? Related: `curl: (69) TFTP: Access Violation`?
-              time cmake --build bld --config Debug --target test-ci
+              time cmake --build bld --target test-ci
             fi
             echo '::group::build examples'
-            time cmake --build bld --config Debug --target curl-examples
+            time cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
             echo '::endgroup::'
 
   freebsd:
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ jobs:
           version: '14.1'
           architecture: ${{ matrix.arch }}
           run: |
+            export MAKEFLAGS=-j3
             # https://ports.freebsd.org/
             time sudo pkg install -y autoconf automake libtool \
               pkgconf brotli openldap26-client libidn2 libnghttp2 stunnel py311-impacket
@@ -154,18 +155,18 @@ jobs:
               || { tail -n 1000 config.log; false; }
             echo '::group::curl_config.h (raw)'; cat lib/curl_config.h || true; echo '::endgroup::'
             echo '::group::curl_config.h'; grep -F '#define' lib/curl_config.h | sort || true; echo '::endgroup::'
-            time make -j3 install
+            time make install
             src/curl --disable --version
             desc='${{ matrix.desc }}'
             if [ '${{ matrix.arch }}' = 'x86_64' ]; then  # Slow on emulated CPU
-              time make -j3 -C tests
+              time make -C tests
               if [ "${desc#*!runtests*}" = "${desc}" ]; then
                 time make test-ci V=1 TFLAGS='-j4'
               fi
             fi
             if [ "${desc#*!examples*}" = "${desc}" ]; then
               echo '::group::build examples'
-              time make -j3 examples
+              time make examples
               echo '::endgroup::'
             fi
 
@@ -184,25 +185,25 @@ jobs:
               -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER='${{ matrix.compiler }}' \
               -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD=ON -DCURL_TEST_BUNDLES=ON \
               -DCURL_WERROR=ON \
-              -DENABLE_DEBUG=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG= \
+              -DENABLE_DEBUG=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
               -DCURL_USE_OPENSSL=ON \
               -DCURL_USE_GSSAPI=ON \
               ${{ matrix.options }} \
               || { cat bld/CMakeFiles/CMake*.yaml; false; }
             echo '::group::curl_config.h (raw)'; cat bld/lib/curl_config.h || true; echo '::endgroup::'
             echo '::group::curl_config.h'; grep -F '#define' bld/lib/curl_config.h | sort || true; echo '::endgroup::'
-            time cmake --build bld --config Debug
+            time cmake --build bld
             bld/src/curl --disable --version
             desc='${{ matrix.desc }}'
             if [ '${{ matrix.arch }}' = 'x86_64' ]; then  # Slow on emulated CPU
-              time cmake --build bld --config Debug --target testdeps
+              time cmake --build bld --target testdeps
               if [ "${desc#*!runtests*}" = "${desc}" ]; then
-                time cmake --build bld --config Debug --target test-ci
+                time cmake --build bld --target test-ci
               fi
             fi
             if [ "${desc#*!examples*}" = "${desc}" ]; then
               echo '::group::build examples'
-              time cmake --build bld --config Debug --target curl-examples
+              time cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
               echo '::endgroup::'
             fi
 
@@ -223,6 +224,7 @@ jobs:
           run: |
             set -e
             ln -s /usr/bin/gcpp /usr/bin/cpp  # Some tests expect `cpp`, which is named `gcpp` in this env.
+            export MAKEFLAGS=-j3
             time autoreconf -fi
             mkdir bld && cd bld && time ../configure --enable-unity --enable-test-bundles --enable-debug --enable-warnings --enable-werror \
               --prefix="${HOME}"/install \
@@ -231,12 +233,12 @@ jobs:
               || { tail -n 1000 config.log; false; }
             echo '::group::curl_config.h (raw)'; cat lib/curl_config.h || true; echo '::endgroup::'
             echo '::group::curl_config.h'; grep -F '#define' lib/curl_config.h | sort || true; echo '::endgroup::'
-            time gmake -j3 install
+            time gmake install
             src/curl --disable --version
-            time gmake -j3 -C tests
+            time gmake -C tests
             time gmake test-ci V=1
             echo '::group::build examples'
-            time gmake -j3 examples
+            time gmake examples
             echo '::endgroup::'
 
   ios:
@@ -244,9 +246,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: 'macos-latest'
     timeout-minutes: 10
     env:
+      MAKEFLAGS: -j 4
       DEVELOPER_DIR: "/Applications/Xcode${{ matrix.build.xcode && format('_{0}', matrix.build.xcode) || '' }}.app/Contents/Developer"
       CC: ${{ matrix.build.compiler || 'clang' }}
-      MAKEFLAGS: -j 4
       # renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=libressl-portable/portable versioning=semver registryUrl=https://github.com
       libressl-version: 4.0.0
     strategy:
@@ -261,6 +263,7 @@ jobs:
             install_steps: libressl
             # FIXME: Could not make OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR work. CMake seems to prepend sysroot to it.
             generate: >-
+              -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD_BATCH_SIZE=50
               -DOPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR="$HOME/libressl/include"
               -DOPENSSL_SSL_LIBRARY="$HOME/libressl/lib/libssl.a"
               -DOPENSSL_CRYPTO_LIBRARY="$HOME/libressl/lib/libcrypto.a"
@@ -269,6 +272,7 @@ jobs:
           - name: 'libressl'
             install_steps: libressl
             generator: Xcode
+            options: --config Debug
             generate: >-
               -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=OFF
               -DMACOSX_BUNDLE_GUI_IDENTIFIER=se.curl
@@ -361,7 +365,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: 'build'
         run: |
           if [ -n '${{ matrix.build.generate }}' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --verbose
+            cmake --build bld ${{ matrix.build.options }} --parallel 4 --verbose
           else
             make -C bld V=1
           fi
@@ -372,7 +376,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: 'build tests'
         run: |
           if [ -n '${{ matrix.build.generate }}' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --target testdeps --verbose
+            cmake --build bld ${{ matrix.build.options }} --parallel 4 --target testdeps --verbose
           else
             make -C bld V=1 -C tests
           fi
@@ -380,7 +384,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: 'build examples'
         run: |
           if [ -n '${{ matrix.build.generate }}' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --target curl-examples --verbose
+            cmake --build bld ${{ matrix.build.options }} --parallel 4 --target curl-examples --verbose
           else
             make -C bld examples V=1
           fi
@@ -390,9 +394,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
     timeout-minutes: 25
     env:
+      MAKEFLAGS: -j 5
       VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: 'clear;x-gha,readwrite'
       VCPKG_DISABLE_METRICS: '1'
-      MAKEFLAGS: -j 5
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
@@ -490,7 +494,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             cmake --build bld --verbose
           else
-            make -j5 -C bld V=1
+            make -C bld V=1
           fi
 
       - name: 'curl info'
@@ -501,7 +505,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             cmake --build bld --target testdeps
           else
-            make -j5 -C bld -C tests
+            make -C bld -C tests
           fi
 
       - name: 'build examples'
@@ -509,7 +513,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
           else
-            make -j5 -C bld examples
+            make -C bld examples
           fi
 
   amiga:
@@ -517,6 +521,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
     timeout-minutes: 5
     env:
+      MAKEFLAGS: -j 5
       amissl-version: 5.18
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -584,9 +589,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: 'build'
         run: |
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --parallel 5
+            cmake --build bld
           else
-            make -j5 -C bld
+            make -C bld
           fi
 
       - name: 'curl info'
@@ -596,18 +601,18 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.build == 'cmake' }}  # skip for autotools to save time
         run: |
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --parallel 5 --target testdeps
+            cmake --build bld --target testdeps
           else
-            make -j5 -C bld -C tests
+            make -C bld -C tests
           fi
 
       - name: 'build examples'
         if: ${{ matrix.build == 'cmake' }}  # skip for autotools to save time
         run: |
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --parallel 5 --target curl-examples
+            cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
           else
-            make -j5 -C bld examples
+            make -C bld examples
           fi
 
   msdos:
@@ -615,6 +620,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
     timeout-minutes: 5
     env:
+      MAKEFLAGS: -j 5
       toolchain-version: '3.4'
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -694,7 +700,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             cmake --build bld
           else
-            make -j5 -C bld
+            make -C bld
           fi
 
       - name: 'curl info'
@@ -706,7 +712,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             cmake --build bld --target testdeps
           else
-            make -j5 -C bld -C tests
+            make -C bld -C tests
           fi
 
       - name: 'build examples'
@@ -715,5 +721,5 @@ jobs:
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
           else
-            make -j5 -C bld examples
+            make -C bld examples
           fi

.github/workflows/windows.yml

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ jobs:
       run:
         shell: C:\cygwin\bin\bash.exe '{0}'
     env:
+      MAKEFLAGS: -j 5
       SHELLOPTS: 'igncr'
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -111,9 +112,9 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 10
         run: |
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}'
+            cmake --build bld
           else
-            make -C bld -j5 V=1 install
+            make -C bld V=1 install
           fi
 
       - name: 'curl version'
@@ -130,9 +131,9 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 15
         run: |
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --target testdeps
+            cmake --build bld --target testdeps
           else
-            make -C bld -j5 V=1 -C tests
+            make -C bld V=1 -C tests
           fi
 
       - name: 'run tests'
@@ -145,9 +146,9 @@ jobs:
           fi
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             PATH="$PWD/bld/lib:$PATH"
-            cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --target test-ci
+            cmake --build bld --target test-ci
           else
-            make -C bld -j5 V=1 test-ci
+            make -C bld V=1 test-ci
           fi
 
       - name: 'build examples'
@@ -155,9 +156,9 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 5
         run: |
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --target curl-examples
+            cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
           else
-            make -C bld -j5 V=1 examples
+            make -C bld V=1 examples
           fi
 
   msys2:  # both msys and mingw-w64
@@ -167,6 +168,8 @@ jobs:
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: msys2 {0}
+    env:
+      MAKEFLAGS: -j 5
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
@@ -250,8 +253,6 @@ jobs:
               fi
               [ '${{ matrix.sys }}' = 'msys' ] && options+=' -D_CURL_PREFILL=ON'
               [ '${{ matrix.test }}' = 'uwp' ] && options+=' -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=WindowsStore -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION=10.0'
-              [ '${{ matrix.type }}' = 'Debug' ] && options+=' -DCMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG='
-              [ '${{ matrix.type }}' = 'Release' ] && options+=' -DCMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE='
               [ "${_chkprefill}" = '_chkprefill' ] && options+=' -D_CURL_PREFILL=OFF'
               cmake -B "bld${_chkprefill}" -G Ninja ${options} \
                 -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${{ matrix.cflags }} ${CFLAGS_CMAKE} ${CPPFLAGS}" \
@@ -286,9 +287,9 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 10
         run: |
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}'
+            cmake --build bld
           else
-            make -C bld -j5 V=1 install
+            make -C bld V=1 install
           fi
 
       - name: 'curl version'
@@ -311,9 +312,9 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 10
         run: |
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --target testdeps
+            cmake --build bld --target testdeps
           else
-            make -C bld -j5 V=1 -C tests
+            make -C bld V=1 -C tests
           fi
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' != 'cmake' ]; then
             # avoid libtool's .exe wrappers
@@ -347,10 +348,10 @@ jobs:
           PATH="$PATH:/c/Program Files (x86)/stunnel/bin"
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             PATH="$PWD/bld/lib:$PATH"
-            cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --target test-ci
+            cmake --build bld --target test-ci
           else
             PATH="$PWD/bld/lib/.libs:$PATH"
-            make -C bld -j5 V=1 test-ci
+            make -C bld V=1 test-ci
           fi
 
       - name: 'build examples'
@@ -358,9 +359,9 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 5
         run: |
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
-            cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --target curl-examples
+            cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
           else
-            make -C bld -j5 V=1 examples
+            make -C bld V=1 examples
           fi
 
   mingw-w64-standalone-downloads:
@@ -370,6 +371,8 @@ jobs:
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: C:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe {0}
+    env:
+      MAKEFLAGS: -j 5
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
@@ -428,8 +431,6 @@ jobs:
           PATH="$(cygpath "${USERPROFILE}")/my-cache/${{ matrix.dir }}/bin:/c/msys64/usr/bin:$PATH"
           for _chkprefill in '' ${{ matrix.chkprefill }}; do
             options=''
-            [ '${{ matrix.type }}' = 'Debug' ] && options+=' -DCMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG='
-            [ '${{ matrix.type }}' = 'Release' ] && options+=' -DCMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE='
             [ "${_chkprefill}" = '_chkprefill' ] && options+=' -D_CURL_PREFILL=OFF'
             cmake -B "bld${_chkprefill}" -G 'MSYS Makefiles' ${options} \
               -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=gcc \
@@ -457,7 +458,7 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 5
         run: |
           PATH="$(cygpath "${USERPROFILE}")/my-cache/${{ matrix.dir }}/bin:/c/msys64/usr/bin:$PATH"
-          cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --parallel 5
+          cmake --build bld
 
       - name: 'curl version'
         timeout-minutes: 1
@@ -471,7 +472,7 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 10
         run: |
           PATH="$(cygpath "${USERPROFILE}")/my-cache/${{ matrix.dir }}/bin:/c/msys64/usr/bin:$PATH"
-          cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --parallel 5 --target testdeps
+          cmake --build bld --target testdeps
 
       - name: 'install test prereqs'
         if: ${{ matrix.tflags != 'skipall' && matrix.tflags != 'skiprun' }}
@@ -500,27 +501,29 @@ jobs:
             TFLAGS+=" -ac $(cygpath "${SYSTEMROOT}/System32/curl.exe")"
           fi
           PATH="$PWD/bld/lib:$PATH:/c/Program Files (x86)/stunnel/bin"
-          cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --target test-ci
+          cmake --build bld --target test-ci
 
       - name: 'build examples'
         timeout-minutes: 5
         run: |
           PATH="$(cygpath "${USERPROFILE}")/my-cache/${{ matrix.dir }}/bin:/c/msys64/usr/bin:$PATH"
-          cmake --build bld --config '${{ matrix.type }}' --parallel 5 --target curl-examples
+          cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
 
   linux-cross-mingw-w64:
     name: "linux-mingw, ${{ matrix.build == 'cmake' && 'CM' || 'AM' }} ${{ matrix.compiler }}"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 15
+    env:
+      MAKEFLAGS: -j 5
+      TRIPLET: 'x86_64-w64-mingw32'
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         build: [autotools, cmake]
         compiler: [gcc]
-    env:
-      TRIPLET: 'x86_64-w64-mingw32'
     steps:
       - name: 'install packages'
+        timeout-minutes: 5
         run: sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Use-Pty=0 install mingw-w64 ${{ matrix.build == 'cmake' && 'ninja-build' || '' }}
 
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4
@@ -564,7 +567,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             cmake --build bld
           else
-            make -C bld -j5
+            make -C bld
           fi
 
       - name: 'curl info'
@@ -576,7 +579,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             cmake --build bld --target testdeps
           else
-            make -C bld -j5 -C tests
+            make -C bld -C tests
           fi
 
       - name: 'build examples'
@@ -584,7 +587,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ '${{ matrix.build }}' = 'cmake' ]; then
             cmake --build bld --target curl-examples
           else
-            make -C bld -j5 examples
+            make -C bld examples
           fi
 
   wince:
@@ -592,8 +595,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: 'macos-latest'
     timeout-minutes: 10
     env:
-      toolchain-version: '0.59.1'
       MAKEFLAGS: -j 4
+      toolchain-version: '0.59.1'
     strategy:
       matrix:
         build: [autotools, cmake]
@@ -601,6 +604,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: 'install packages'
         if: ${{ matrix.build == 'autotools' }}
+        timeout-minutes: 5
         run: |
           echo automake libtool | xargs -Ix -n1 echo brew '"x"' > /tmp/Brewfile
           while [[ $? == 0 ]]; do for i in 1 2 3; do brew update && brew bundle install --no-lock --file /tmp/Brewfile && break 2 || { echo Error: wait to try again; sleep 10; } done; false Too many retries; done
@@ -614,6 +618,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: 'install compiler (mingw32ce)'
         if: ${{ steps.cache-compiler.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+        timeout-minutes: 5
         run: |
           cd "${HOME}" || exit 1
           curl --disable --fail --silent --show-error --connect-timeout 15 --max-time 120 --retry 3 --retry-connrefused --proto-redir =https \
@@ -902,7 +907,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.tflags != 'skipall' && matrix.tflags != 'skiprun' }}
         timeout-minutes: 10
         run: |
-          export CURL_DIRSUFFIX='${{ matrix.type }}/'
+          export CURL_DIRSUFFIX='${{ matrix.type }}'
           export TFLAGS='-j8 ~WebSockets ~SCP ~612 ${{ matrix.tflags }}'
           if [[ '${{ matrix.install }}' = *'libssh2[core,zlib]'* ]]; then
             TFLAGS+=' ~SFTP'

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -352,13 +352,12 @@ endif()
 if(WIN32)
   option(CURL_STATIC_CRT "Build libcurl with static CRT with MSVC (/MT)" OFF)
   if(CURL_STATIC_CRT AND MSVC)
-    if(BUILD_STATIC_CURL)
+    if(BUILD_STATIC_CURL OR NOT BUILD_CURL_EXE)
       set(CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY "MultiThreaded$<$<CONFIG:Debug>:Debug>")
       string(APPEND CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE " -MT")
       string(APPEND CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG " -MTd")
     else()
-      message(WARNING "Static CRT requires curl executable built with static libcurl "
-        "(BUILD_STATIC_LIBS=ON and BUILD_STATIC_CURL=ON).")
+      message(WARNING "Static CRT requires static or no curl executable.")
     endif()
   endif()
 endif()
@@ -1954,22 +1953,6 @@ endif()
 
 # Some other minor tests
 
-if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCC AND APPLE)
-  include(CheckCCompilerFlag)
-  check_c_compiler_flag("-Wno-long-double" HAVE_C_FLAG_Wno_long_double)
-  if(HAVE_C_FLAG_Wno_long_double)
-    # The Mac version of GCC warns about use of long double. Disable it.
-    get_source_file_property(_mprintf_compile_flags "mprintf.c" COMPILE_FLAGS)
-    if(_mprintf_compile_flags)
-      string(APPEND _mprintf_compile_flags " -Wno-long-double")
-    else()
-      set(_mprintf_compile_flags "-Wno-long-double")
-    endif()
-    set_source_files_properties("mprintf.c" PROPERTIES
-      COMPILE_FLAGS ${_mprintf_compile_flags})
-  endif()
-endif()
-
 if(_cmake_try_compile_target_type_save)
   set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE ${_cmake_try_compile_target_type_save})
   unset(_cmake_try_compile_target_type_save)

appveyor.sh

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ esac
 if [ "${APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE}" = 'Visual Studio 2022' ]; then
   openssl_root_win="C:/OpenSSL-v34${openssl_suffix}"
 elif [ "${APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE}" = 'Visual Studio 2019' ]; then
+  openssl_root_win="C:/OpenSSL-v11${openssl_suffix}"
+elif [ "${APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE}" = 'Visual Studio 2013' ]; then
   openssl_root_win="C:/OpenSSL${openssl_suffix}"
 else
   openssl_root_win="C:/OpenSSL-v111${openssl_suffix}"
@@ -52,10 +54,20 @@ if [ "${BUILD_SYSTEM}" = 'CMake' ]; then
     [ -n "${TOOLSET:-}" ] && options+=" -T ${TOOLSET}"
     [ "${OPENSSL}" = 'ON' ] && options+=" -DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=${openssl_root_win}"
     [ -n "${CURLDEBUG:-}" ] && options+=" -DENABLE_CURLDEBUG=${CURLDEBUG}"
+    if [ "${APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE}" = 'Visual Studio 2013' ]; then
+      mkdir "_bld${_chkprefill}"
+      cd "_bld${_chkprefill}"
+      options+=' ..'
+      root='..'
+    else
+      options+=" -B _bld${_chkprefill}"
+      options+=' -DCMAKE_VS_GLOBALS=TrackFileAccess=false'
+      options+=" -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD=${UNITY}"
+      root='.'
+    fi
     # shellcheck disable=SC2086
-    cmake -B "_bld${_chkprefill}" -G "${PRJ_GEN}" ${TARGET} \
-      -DCMAKE_VS_GLOBALS=TrackFileAccess=false \
-      -DCMAKE_UNITY_BUILD="${UNITY}" -DCURL_TEST_BUNDLES=ON \
+    time cmake -G "${PRJ_GEN}" ${TARGET} \
+      -DCURL_TEST_BUNDLES=ON \
       -DCURL_WERROR=ON \
       -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS="${SHARED}" \
       -DCURL_STATIC_CRT=ON \
@@ -66,7 +78,8 @@ if [ "${BUILD_SYSTEM}" = 'CMake' ]; then
       -DCURL_USE_OPENSSL="${OPENSSL}" \
       -DCURL_USE_LIBPSL=OFF \
       ${options} \
-      || { cat _bld/CMakeFiles/CMake* 2>/dev/null; false; }
+      || { cat ${root}/_bld/CMakeFiles/CMake* 2>/dev/null; false; }
+    [ "${APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE}" = 'Visual Studio 2013' ] && cd ..
   done
   if [ -d _bld_chkprefill ] && ! diff -u _bld/lib/curl_config.h _bld_chkprefill/lib/curl_config.h; then
     cat _bld_chkprefill/CMakeFiles/CMake* 2>/dev/null || true
@@ -74,7 +87,7 @@ if [ "${BUILD_SYSTEM}" = 'CMake' ]; then
   fi
   echo 'curl_config.h'; grep -F '#define' _bld/lib/curl_config.h | sort || true
   # shellcheck disable=SC2086
-  if ! cmake --build _bld --config "${PRJ_CFG}" --parallel 2 -- ${BUILD_OPT:-}; then
+  if ! time cmake --build _bld --config "${PRJ_CFG}" --parallel 2 -- ${BUILD_OPT:-}; then
     if [ "${PRJ_GEN}" = 'Visual Studio 9 2008' ]; then
       find . -name BuildLog.htm -exec dos2unix '{}' +
       find . -name BuildLog.htm -exec cat '{}' +
@@ -127,14 +140,14 @@ fi
 
 if [ "${TFLAGS}" != 'skipall' ] && \
    [ "${BUILD_SYSTEM}" = 'CMake' ]; then
-  cmake --build _bld --config "${PRJ_CFG}" --parallel 2 --target testdeps
+  time cmake --build _bld --config "${PRJ_CFG}" --parallel 2 --target testdeps
 fi
 
 # run tests
 
 if [ "${TFLAGS}" != 'skipall' ] && \
    [ "${TFLAGS}" != 'skiprun' ]; then
-  export CURL_DIRSUFFIX="${PRJ_CFG}/"
+  export CURL_DIRSUFFIX="${PRJ_CFG}"
   if [ -x "$(cygpath "${SYSTEMROOT}/System32/curl.exe")" ]; then
     TFLAGS+=" -ac $(cygpath "${SYSTEMROOT}/System32/curl.exe")"
   elif [ -x "$(cygpath 'C:/msys64/usr/bin/curl.exe')" ]; then
@@ -142,12 +155,12 @@ if [ "${TFLAGS}" != 'skipall' ] && \
   fi
   TFLAGS+=' -j0'
   if [ "${BUILD_SYSTEM}" = 'CMake' ]; then
-    cmake --build _bld --config "${PRJ_CFG}" --target test-ci
+    time cmake --build _bld --config "${PRJ_CFG}" --target test-ci
   else
     (
       TFLAGS="-a -p !flaky -r -rm ${TFLAGS}"
       cd _bld/tests
-      ./runtests.pl
+      time ./runtests.pl
     )
   fi
 fi
@@ -156,5 +169,5 @@ fi
 
 if [ "${EXAMPLES}" = 'ON' ] && \
    [ "${BUILD_SYSTEM}" = 'CMake' ]; then
-  cmake --build _bld --config "${PRJ_CFG}" --parallel 2 --target curl-examples
+  time cmake --build _bld --config "${PRJ_CFG}" --parallel 2 --target curl-examples
 fi

appveyor.yml

@@ -61,15 +61,15 @@ environment:
       SCHANNEL: 'ON'
       DEBUG: 'OFF'
       CURLDEBUG: 'ON'
-    - job_name: 'CMake, VS2008, Debug, x86, OpenSSL 1.1.1 + Schannel, Shared, Build-tests & examples'
-      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: 'Visual Studio 2015'
+    - job_name: 'CMake, VS2008, Debug, x86, OpenSSL 1.0.2 + Schannel, Shared, Build-tests & examples'
+      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: 'Visual Studio 2013'
       PRJ_GEN: 'Visual Studio 9 2008'
       TARGET: '-A Win32'
       PRJ_CFG: Debug
       OPENSSL: 'ON'
       SCHANNEL: 'ON'
       SHARED: 'ON'
-      EXAMPLES: 'OFF'
+      EXAMPLES: 'ON'
     - job_name: 'CMake, VS2010, Debug, x64, Schannel, Shared, Build-tests & examples'
       APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: 'Visual Studio 2015'
       PRJ_GEN: 'Visual Studio 10 2010'
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ environment:
       OPENSSL: 'ON'
       SHARED: 'ON'
       TFLAGS: 'skipall'
-    - job_name: 'CMake, VS2019, Debug, x64, OpenSSL 1.0.2 + Schannel, Shared, Build-tests'
+    - job_name: 'CMake, VS2019, Debug, x64, OpenSSL 1.1.0 + Schannel, Shared, Build-tests'
       APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: 'Visual Studio 2019'
       PRJ_GEN: 'Visual Studio 16 2019'
       TARGET: '-A x64'

docs/INSTALL-CMAKE.md

@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ target_link_libraries(my_target PRIVATE CURL::libcurl)
 - `CURL_LIBCURL_VERSIONED_SYMBOLS`:         Enable libcurl versioned symbols. Default: `OFF`
 - `CURL_LIBCURL_VERSIONED_SYMBOLS_PREFIX`:  Override default versioned symbol prefix. Default: `<TLS-BACKEND>_` or `MULTISSL_`
 - `CURL_LTO`:                               Enable compiler Link Time Optimizations. Default: `OFF`
-- `CURL_STATIC_CRT`:                        Build libcurl with static CRT with MSVC (`/MT`) (requires static curl executable). Default: `OFF`
+- `CURL_STATIC_CRT`:                        Build libcurl with static CRT with MSVC (`/MT`) (requires static or no curl executable). Default: `OFF`
 - `CURL_TARGET_WINDOWS_VERSION`:            Minimum target Windows version as hex string.
 - `CURL_TEST_BUNDLES`:                      Bundle `libtest` and `unittest` tests into single binaries. Default: `OFF`
 - `CURL_WERROR`:                            Turn compiler warnings into errors. Default: `OFF`

docs/VULN-DISCLOSURE-POLICY.md

@@ -247,11 +247,11 @@ local system or network, the bar is raised. If a local user wrongfully has
 elevated rights on your system enough to attack curl, they can probably
 already do much worse harm and the problem is not really in curl.
 
-## Experiments
+## Debug & Experiments
 
 Vulnerabilities in features which are off by default (in the build) and
-documented as experimental, are not eligible for a reward and we do not
-consider them security problems.
+documented as experimental, or exist only in debug mode, are not eligible for a
+reward and we do not consider them security problems.
 
 ## URL inconsistencies
 

docs/examples/block_ip.c

@@ -298,14 +298,19 @@ int main(void)
 
   filter = (struct connection_filter *)calloc(1, sizeof(*filter));
   if(!filter)
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
 
-  if(curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT))
-    exit(1);
+  if(curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT)) {
+    free(filter);
+    return 1;
+  }
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
-  if(!curl)
-    exit(1);
+  if(!curl) {
+    curl_global_cleanup();
+    free(filter);
+    return 1;
+  }
 
   /* Set the target URL */
   curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "http://localhost");

docs/examples/chkspeed.c

@@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
           fprintf(stderr,
                   "\rUsage: %s [-m=1|2|5|10|20|50|100] [-t] [-x] [url]\n",
                   appname);
-          exit(1);
+          return 1;
         case 'v':
         case 'V':
           fprintf(stderr, "\r%s %s - %s\n",
                   appname, CHKSPEED_VERSION, curl_version());
-          exit(1);
+          return 1;
         case 'a':
         case 'A':
           prtall = 1;

docs/examples/cookie_interface.c

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@
 #include <curl/curl.h>
 #include <curl/mprintf.h>
 
-static void
-print_cookies(CURL *curl)
+static int print_cookies(CURL *curl)
 {
   CURLcode res;
   struct curl_slist *cookies;
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ print_cookies(CURL *curl)
   if(res != CURLE_OK) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Curl curl_easy_getinfo failed: %s\n",
             curl_easy_strerror(res));
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   nc = cookies;
   i = 1;
@@ -60,6 +59,8 @@ print_cookies(CURL *curl)
     printf("(none)\n");
   }
   curl_slist_free_all(cookies);
+
+  return 0;
 }
 
 int

docs/examples/ephiperfifo.c

@@ -418,22 +418,22 @@ static int init_fifo(GlobalInfo *g)
   struct epoll_event epev;
 
   fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Creating named pipe \"%s\"\n", fifo);
-  if(lstat (fifo, &st) == 0) {
+  if(lstat(fifo, &st) == 0) {
     if((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) {
       errno = EEXIST;
       perror("lstat");
-      exit(1);
+      return 1;
     }
   }
   unlink(fifo);
-  if(mkfifo (fifo, 0600) == -1) {
+  if(mkfifo(fifo, 0600) == -1) {
     perror("mkfifo");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   sockfd = open(fifo, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
   if(sockfd == -1) {
     perror("open");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
 
   g->fifofd = sockfd;
@@ -449,9 +449,9 @@ static int init_fifo(GlobalInfo *g)
 
 static void clean_fifo(GlobalInfo *g)
 {
-    epoll_ctl(g->epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, g->fifofd, NULL);
-    fclose(g->input);
-    unlink(fifo);
+  epoll_ctl(g->epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, g->fifofd, NULL);
+  fclose(g->input);
+  unlink(fifo);
 }
 
 
@@ -478,13 +478,13 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   g.epfd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
   if(g.epfd == -1) {
     perror("epoll_create1 failed");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
 
   g.tfd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, TFD_NONBLOCK | TFD_CLOEXEC);
   if(g.tfd == -1) {
     perror("timerfd_create failed");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
 
   memset(&its, 0, sizeof(struct itimerspec));
@@ -496,7 +496,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   ev.data.fd = g.tfd;
   epoll_ctl(g.epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, g.tfd, &ev);
 
-  init_fifo(&g);
+  if(init_fifo(&g))
+    return 1;
   g.multi = curl_multi_init();
 
   /* setup the generic multi interface options we want */
@@ -521,7 +522,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
       }
       else {
         perror("epoll_wait");
-        exit(1);
+        return 1;
       }
     }
 

docs/examples/evhiperfifo.c

@@ -402,22 +402,22 @@ static int init_fifo(GlobalInfo *g)
   curl_socket_t sockfd;
 
   fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Creating named pipe \"%s\"\n", fifo);
-  if(lstat (fifo, &st) == 0) {
+  if(lstat(fifo, &st) == 0) {
     if((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) {
       errno = EEXIST;
       perror("lstat");
-      exit(1);
+      return 1;
     }
   }
   unlink(fifo);
-  if(mkfifo (fifo, 0600) == -1) {
+  if(mkfifo(fifo, 0600) == -1) {
     perror("mkfifo");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   sockfd = open(fifo, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
   if(sockfd == -1) {
     perror("open");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   g->input = fdopen(sockfd, "r");
 
@@ -436,7 +436,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   memset(&g, 0, sizeof(GlobalInfo));
   g.loop = ev_default_loop(0);
 
-  init_fifo(&g);
+  if(init_fifo(&g))
+    return 1;
   g.multi = curl_multi_init();
 
   ev_timer_init(&g.timer_event, timer_cb, 0., 0.);

docs/examples/ghiper.c

@@ -392,21 +392,21 @@ int init_fifo(void)
     if((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) {
       errno = EEXIST;
       perror("lstat");
-      exit(1);
+      return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
     }
   }
 
   unlink(fifo);
-  if(mkfifo (fifo, 0600) == -1) {
+  if(mkfifo(fifo, 0600) == -1) {
     perror("mkfifo");
-    exit(1);
+    return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }
 
   socket = open(fifo, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
 
-  if(socket == -1) {
+  if(socket == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
     perror("open");
-    exit(1);
+    return socket;
   }
   MSG_OUT("Now, pipe some URL's into > %s\n", fifo);
 
@@ -421,6 +421,8 @@ int main(void)
   GIOChannel* ch;
 
   fd = init_fifo();
+  if(fd == CURL_SOCKET_BAD)
+    return 1;
   ch = g_io_channel_unix_new(fd);
   g_io_add_watch(ch, G_IO_IN, fifo_cb, g);
   gmain = g_main_loop_new(NULL, FALSE);

docs/examples/hiperfifo.c

@@ -399,22 +399,22 @@ static int init_fifo(GlobalInfo *g)
   curl_socket_t sockfd;
 
   fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Creating named pipe \"%s\"\n", fifo);
-  if(lstat (fifo, &st) == 0) {
+  if(lstat(fifo, &st) == 0) {
     if((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) {
       errno = EEXIST;
       perror("lstat");
-      exit(1);
+      return 1;
     }
   }
   unlink(fifo);
   if(mkfifo (fifo, 0600) == -1) {
     perror("mkfifo");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   sockfd = open(fifo, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
   if(sockfd == -1) {
     perror("open");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   g->input = fdopen(sockfd, "r");
 
@@ -440,7 +440,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
   memset(&g, 0, sizeof(GlobalInfo));
   g.evbase = event_base_new();
-  init_fifo(&g);
+  if(init_fifo(&g))
+    return 1;
   g.multi = curl_multi_init();
   evtimer_assign(&g.timer_event, g.evbase, timer_cb, &g);
 

docs/examples/htmltitle.cpp

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ static bool init(CURL *&conn, const char *url)
 
   if(conn == NULL) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create CURL connection\n");
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    return false;
   }
 
   code = curl_easy_setopt(conn, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, errorBuffer);
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
   if(argc != 2) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <url>\n", argv[0]);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
   curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
   if(!init(conn, argv[1])) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Connection initialization failed\n");
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
   // Retrieve content for the URL
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
   if(code != CURLE_OK) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get '%s' [%s]\n", argv[1], errorBuffer);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
   // Parse the (assumed) HTML code

docs/examples/http2-download.c

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ int my_trace(CURL *handle, curl_infotype type,
   return 0;
 }
 
-static void setup(struct transfer *t, int num)
+static int setup(struct transfer *t, int num)
 {
   char filename[128];
   CURL *hnd;
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ static void setup(struct transfer *t, int num)
   if(!t->out) {
     fprintf(stderr, "error: could not open file %s for writing: %s\n",
             filename, strerror(errno));
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
 
   /* write to this file */
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ static void setup(struct transfer *t, int num)
   /* wait for pipe connection to confirm */
   curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT, 1L);
 #endif
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -204,7 +205,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   multi_handle = curl_multi_init();
 
   for(i = 0; i < num_transfers; i++) {
-    setup(&trans[i], i);
+    if(setup(&trans[i], i))
+      return 1;
 
     /* add the individual transfer */
     curl_multi_add_handle(multi_handle, trans[i].easy);

docs/examples/http2-upload.c

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ static size_t read_callback(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
   return retcode;
 }
 
-static void setup(struct input *i, int num, const char *upload)
+static int setup(struct input *i, int num, const char *upload)
 {
   FILE *out;
   char url[256];
@@ -209,14 +209,15 @@ static void setup(struct input *i, int num, const char *upload)
   curl_off_t uploadsize;
   CURL *hnd;
 
-  hnd = i->hnd = curl_easy_init();
+  hnd = i->hnd = NULL;
+
   i->num = num;
   curl_msnprintf(filename, 128, "dl-%d", num);
   out = fopen(filename, "wb");
   if(!out) {
     fprintf(stderr, "error: could not open file %s for writing: %s\n", upload,
             strerror(errno));
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
 
   curl_msnprintf(url, 256, "https://localhost:8443/upload-%d", num);
@@ -225,7 +226,8 @@ static void setup(struct input *i, int num, const char *upload)
   if(stat(upload, &file_info)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "error: could not stat file %s: %s\n", upload,
             strerror(errno));
-    exit(1);
+    fclose(out);
+    return 1;
   }
 
   uploadsize = file_info.st_size;
@@ -234,9 +236,12 @@ static void setup(struct input *i, int num, const char *upload)
   if(!i->in) {
     fprintf(stderr, "error: could not open file %s for reading: %s\n", upload,
             strerror(errno));
-    exit(1);
+    fclose(out);
+    return 1;
   }
 
+  hnd = i->hnd = curl_easy_init();
+
   /* write to this file */
   curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, out);
 
@@ -269,6 +274,7 @@ static void setup(struct input *i, int num, const char *upload)
   /* wait for pipe connection to confirm */
   curl_easy_setopt(hnd, CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT, 1L);
 #endif
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -301,7 +307,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   multi_handle = curl_multi_init();
 
   for(i = 0; i < num_transfers; i++) {
-    setup(&trans[i], i, filename);
+    if(setup(&trans[i], i, filename))
+      return 1;
 
     /* add the individual transfer */
     curl_multi_add_handle(multi_handle, trans[i].hnd);

lib/asyn-ares.c

@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ static void query_completed_cb(void *arg,  /* (struct connectdata *) */
   res->num_pending--;
 
   if(CURL_ASYNC_SUCCESS == status) {
-    struct Curl_addrinfo *ai = Curl_he2ai(hostent, data->state.async.port);
+    struct Curl_addrinfo *ai = Curl_he2ai(hostent, data->conn->remote_port);
     if(ai) {
       compound_results(res, ai);
     }
@@ -774,8 +774,6 @@ struct Curl_addrinfo *Curl_resolver_getaddrinfo(struct Curl_easy *data,
   if(!res->hostname)
     return NULL;
 
-  data->state.async.hostname = res->hostname;
-  data->state.async.port = port;
   data->state.async.done = FALSE;   /* not done */
   data->state.async.dns = NULL;     /* clear */
 
@@ -811,6 +809,7 @@ struct Curl_addrinfo *Curl_resolver_getaddrinfo(struct Curl_easy *data,
                      service, &hints, addrinfo_cb, data);
   }
 #else
+  (void)port;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_CARES_IPV6
   if((data->conn->ip_version != CURL_IPRESOLVE_V4) && Curl_ipv6works(data)) {

lib/asyn-thread.c

@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ static void destroy_async_data(struct Curl_easy *data)
 
     td->init = FALSE;
   }
-  Curl_safefree(async->hostname);
+
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_HTTPSRR_ARES
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ static CURLcode resolve_httpsrr(struct Curl_easy *data,
   memset(&async->thdata.hinfo, 0, sizeof(struct Curl_https_rrinfo));
   async->thdata.hinfo.port = -1;
   ares_query_dnsrec(async->thdata.channel,
-                    async->hostname, ARES_CLASS_IN,
+                    data->conn->host.name, ARES_CLASS_IN,
                     ARES_REC_TYPE_HTTPS,
                     Curl_dnsrec_done_cb, data, NULL);
 
@@ -436,7 +436,6 @@ static bool init_resolve_thread(struct Curl_easy *data,
   int err = ENOMEM;
   struct Curl_async *async = &data->state.async;
 
-  async->port = port;
   async->done = FALSE;
   async->dns = NULL;
   td->thread_hnd = curl_thread_t_null;
@@ -447,11 +446,6 @@ static bool init_resolve_thread(struct Curl_easy *data,
     goto errno_exit;
   }
 
-  free(async->hostname);
-  async->hostname = strdup(hostname);
-  if(!async->hostname)
-    goto err_exit;
-
   /* The thread will set this TRUE when complete. */
   td->tsd.done = FALSE;
 

lib/doh.c

@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ CURLcode Curl_doh_is_resolved(struct Curl_easy *data,
 
   if(dohp->probe[DOH_SLOT_IPV4].easy_mid < 0 &&
      dohp->probe[DOH_SLOT_IPV6].easy_mid < 0) {
-    failf(data, "Could not DoH-resolve: %s", data->state.async.hostname);
+    failf(data, "Could not DoH-resolve: %s", dohp->host);
     return CONN_IS_PROXIED(data->conn) ? CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_PROXY :
       CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_HOST;
   }

lib/hostasyn.c

@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ CURLcode Curl_addrinfo_callback(struct Curl_easy *data,
         Curl_share_lock(data, CURL_LOCK_DATA_DNS, CURL_LOCK_ACCESS_SINGLE);
 
       dns = Curl_cache_addr(data, ai,
-                            data->state.async.hostname, 0,
-                            data->state.async.port, FALSE);
+                            data->conn->host.dispname, 0,
+                            data->conn->localport, FALSE);
       if(data->share)
         Curl_share_unlock(data, CURL_LOCK_DATA_DNS);
 

lib/hostip.c

@@ -1480,7 +1480,7 @@ CURLcode Curl_resolver_error(struct Curl_easy *data)
   }
 
   failf(data, "Could not resolve %s: %s", host_or_proxy,
-        data->state.async.hostname);
+        data->conn->host.dispname);
 
   return result;
 }

lib/urldata.h

@@ -565,14 +565,12 @@ struct hostname {
 #if defined(CURLRES_ASYNCH) || !defined(CURL_DISABLE_DOH)
 #define USE_CURL_ASYNC
 struct Curl_async {
-  char *hostname;
   struct Curl_dns_entry *dns;
 #ifdef CURLRES_ASYNCH
   struct thread_data thdata;
 #endif
   void *resolver; /* resolver state, if it is used in the URL state -
                      ares_channel e.g. */
-  int port;
   BIT(done);  /* set TRUE when the lookup is complete */
 };
 

lib/vtls/gtls.c

@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ static CURLcode gtls_client_init(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
         return CURLE_SSL_CONNECT_ERROR;
       }
     }
-    else if(ssl_config->key_passwd) {
+    else {
       const unsigned int supported_key_encryption_algorithms =
         GNUTLS_PKCS_USE_PKCS12_3DES | GNUTLS_PKCS_USE_PKCS12_ARCFOUR |
         GNUTLS_PKCS_USE_PKCS12_RC2_40 | GNUTLS_PKCS_USE_PBES2_3DES |
@@ -974,22 +974,12 @@ static CURLcode gtls_client_init(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
            supported_key_encryption_algorithms);
       if(rc != GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS) {
         failf(data,
-              "error reading X.509 potentially-encrypted key file: %s",
+              "error reading X.509 %skey file: %s",
+              ssl_config->key_passwd ? "potentially-encrypted " : "",
               gnutls_strerror(rc));
         return CURLE_SSL_CONNECT_ERROR;
       }
     }
-    else {
-      if(gnutls_certificate_set_x509_key_file(
-           gtls->shared_creds->creds,
-           config->clientcert,
-           ssl_config->key ? ssl_config->key : config->clientcert,
-           gnutls_do_file_type(ssl_config->cert_type) ) !=
-         GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS) {
-        failf(data, "error reading X.509 key or certificate file");
-        return CURLE_SSL_CONNECT_ERROR;
-      }
-    }
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_GNUTLS_SRP

m4/curl-compilers.m4

@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_COMPILER_WORKS_IFELSE], [
         #endif
       ]],[[
         int i = 0;
-        exit(i);
+        return i;
       ]])
     ],[
       tmp_compiler_works="yes"

m4/curl-functions.m4

@@ -1270,11 +1270,12 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_GETADDRINFO], [
         struct addrinfo hints;
         struct addrinfo *ai = 0;
         int error;
+        int exitcode;
 
         #ifdef _WIN32
         WSADATA wsa;
         if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsa))
-          exit(2);
+          return 2;
         #endif
 
         memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
@@ -1283,9 +1284,15 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_GETADDRINFO], [
         hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
         error = getaddrinfo("127.0.0.1", 0, &hints, &ai);
         if(error || !ai)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
-        else
-          exit(0);
+          exitcode = 1; /* fail */
+        else {
+          freeaddrinfo(ai);
+          exitcode = 0;
+        }
+        #ifdef _WIN32
+        WSACleanup();
+        #endif
+        return exitcode;
       ]])
     ],[
       AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
@@ -1883,9 +1890,11 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_GETIFADDRS], [
 
         error = getifaddrs(&ifa);
         if(error || !ifa)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
-        else
-          exit(0);
+          return 1; /* fail */
+        else {
+          freeifaddrs(ifa);
+          return 0;
+        }
       ]])
     ],[
       AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
@@ -2003,9 +2012,9 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_GMTIME_R], [
         gmt = gmtime_r(&local, &result);
         (void)result;
         if(gmt)
-          exit(0);
+          return 0;
         else
-          exit(1);
+          return 1;
       ]])
     ],[
       AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
@@ -2134,13 +2143,13 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_INET_NTOP], [
         /* - */
         ipv4ptr = inet_ntop(AF_INET, ipv4a, ipv4res, sizeof(ipv4res));
         if(!ipv4ptr)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         if(ipv4ptr != ipv4res)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         if(!ipv4ptr[0])
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         if(memcmp(ipv4res, "192.168.100.1", 13) != 0)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         /* - */
         ipv6res[0] = '\0';
         memset(ipv6a, 0, sizeof(ipv6a));
@@ -2158,15 +2167,15 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_INET_NTOP], [
         /* - */
         ipv6ptr = inet_ntop(AF_INET6, ipv6a, ipv6res, sizeof(ipv6res));
         if(!ipv6ptr)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         if(ipv6ptr != ipv6res)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         if(!ipv6ptr[0])
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         if(memcmp(ipv6res, "fe80::214:4fff:fe0b:76c8", 24) != 0)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         /* - */
-        exit(0);
+        return 0;
       ]])
     ],[
       AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
@@ -2286,18 +2295,18 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_INET_PTON], [
         /* - */
         memset(ipv4a, 1, sizeof(ipv4a));
         if(1 != inet_pton(AF_INET, ipv4src, ipv4a))
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         /* - */
         if( (ipv4a[0] != 0xc0) ||
             (ipv4a[1] != 0xa8) ||
             (ipv4a[2] != 0x64) ||
             (ipv4a[3] != 0x01) ||
             (ipv4a[4] != 0x01) )
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         /* - */
         memset(ipv6a, 1, sizeof(ipv6a));
         if(1 != inet_pton(AF_INET6, ipv6src, ipv6a))
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         /* - */
         if( (ipv6a[0]  != 0xfe) ||
             (ipv6a[1]  != 0x80) ||
@@ -2310,7 +2319,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_INET_PTON], [
             (ipv6a[14] != 0x76) ||
             (ipv6a[15] != 0xc8) ||
             (ipv6a[16] != 0x01) )
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         /* - */
         if( (ipv6a[2]  != 0x0) ||
             (ipv6a[3]  != 0x0) ||
@@ -2318,9 +2327,9 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_INET_PTON], [
             (ipv6a[5]  != 0x0) ||
             (ipv6a[6]  != 0x0) ||
             (ipv6a[7]  != 0x0) )
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         /* - */
-        exit(0);
+        return 0;
       ]])
     ],[
       AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
@@ -3809,11 +3818,11 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_STRERROR_R], [
         buffer[0] = '\0';
         string = strerror_r(EACCES, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
         if(!string)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         if(!string[0])
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         else
-          exit(0);
+          return 0;
       ]])
     ],[
       AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
@@ -3872,11 +3881,11 @@ AC_DEFUN([CURL_CHECK_FUNC_STRERROR_R], [
         buffer[0] = '\0';
         error = strerror_r(EACCES, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
         if(error)
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         if(buffer[0] == '\0')
-          exit(1); /* fail */
+          return 1; /* fail */
         else
-          exit(0);
+          return 0;
       ]])
     ],[
       AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])

packages/vms/report_openssl_version.c

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
   if(argc < 1) {
     puts("report_openssl_version filename");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
 
   libptr = dlopen(argv[1], 0);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
   if(!ssl_version) {
     puts("Unable to lookup version of OpenSSL");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
 
   version = ssl_version(SSLEAY_VERSION);
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     status = LIB$SET_SYMBOL(&symbol_dsc, &value_dsc, &table_type);
     if(!$VMS_STATUS_SUCCESS(status)) {
-      exit(status);
+      return status;
     }
   }
 
-  exit(0);
+  return 0;
 }

tests/data/test488

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ http
 Download two URLs provided on stdin
 </name>
 <command>
---url @-
+--output-dir %LOGDIR --url @-
 </command>
 <stdin>
 http://%HOSTIP:%HTTPPORT/a

tests/globalconfig.pm

@@ -73,7 +73,10 @@ BEGIN {
         $dev_null
     );
 }
-use pathhelp qw(exe_ext);
+use pathhelp qw(
+    exe_ext
+    dirsepadd
+);
 use Cwd qw(getcwd);
 use testutil qw(
     shell_quote
@@ -104,11 +107,11 @@ our $perlcmd=shell_quote($^X);
 our $perl="$perlcmd -I. " . shell_quote("-I$srcdir"); # invoke perl like this
 our $LOGDIR="log";  # root of the log directory; this will be different for
                     # each runner in multiprocess mode
-our $LIBDIR="./libtest/" . ($ENV{'CURL_DIRSUFFIX'} || '');
-our $UNITDIR="./unit/" . ($ENV{'CURL_DIRSUFFIX'} || '');
-our $SRVDIR="./server/" . ($ENV{'CURL_DIRSUFFIX'} || '');
+our $LIBDIR=dirsepadd("./libtest/" . ($ENV{'CURL_DIRSUFFIX'} || ''));
+our $UNITDIR=dirsepadd("./unit/" . ($ENV{'CURL_DIRSUFFIX'} || ''));
+our $SRVDIR=dirsepadd("./server/" . ($ENV{'CURL_DIRSUFFIX'} || ''));
 our $TESTDIR="$srcdir/data";
-our $CURL="../src/" . ($ENV{'CURL_DIRSUFFIX'} || '') . "curl".exe_ext('TOOL'); # what curl binary to run on the tests
+our $CURL=dirsepadd("../src/" . ($ENV{'CURL_DIRSUFFIX'} || '')) . "curl".exe_ext('TOOL'); # what curl binary to run on the tests
 our $VCURL=$CURL;  # what curl binary to use to verify the servers with
                    # VCURL is handy to set to the system one when the one you
                    # just built hangs or crashes and thus prevent verification

tests/http/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ if(NOT VSFTPD)
 endif()
 mark_as_advanced(VSFTPD)
 
-find_program(HTTPD "apache2")  # /usr/sbin/apache2
+find_program(HTTPD NAMES "/usr/sbin/apache2" "httpd" "apache2")
 if(NOT HTTPD)
   set(HTTPD "")
 endif()

tests/http/clients/h2-pausing.c

@@ -140,12 +140,6 @@ static int debug_cb(CURL *handle, curl_infotype type,
   return 0;
 }
 
-#define ERR()                                                             \
-  do {                                                                    \
-    fprintf(stderr, "something unexpected went wrong - bailing out!\n");  \
-    exit(2);                                                              \
-  } while(0)
-
 static void usage(const char *msg)
 {
   if(msg)
@@ -196,6 +190,13 @@ static size_t cb(char *data, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *clientp)
           handle->idx, (long)realsize);
   return realsize;
 }
+
+#define ERR()                                                             \
+  do {                                                                    \
+    fprintf(stderr, "something unexpected went wrong - bailing out!\n");  \
+    return 2;                                                             \
+  } while(0)
+
 #endif /* !_MSC_VER */
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
@@ -254,19 +255,19 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   cu = curl_url();
   if(!cu) {
     fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   if(curl_url_set(cu, CURLUPART_URL, url, 0)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "not a URL: '%s'\n", url);
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   if(curl_url_get(cu, CURLUPART_HOST, &host, 0)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "could not get host of '%s'\n", url);
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   if(curl_url_get(cu, CURLUPART_PORT, &port, 0)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "could not get port of '%s'\n", url);
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   memset(&resolve, 0, sizeof(resolve));
   curl_msnprintf(resolve_buf, sizeof(resolve_buf)-1, "%s:%s:127.0.0.1",

tests/http/clients/h2-upgrade-extreme.c

@@ -138,24 +138,25 @@ static size_t write_cb(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *opaque)
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
   const char *url;
-  CURLM *multi;
+  CURLM *multi = NULL;
   CURL *easy;
   CURLMcode mc;
   int running_handles = 0, start_count, numfds;
   CURLMsg *msg;
   int msgs_in_queue;
   char range[128];
+  int exitcode = 1;
 
   if(argc != 2) {
     fprintf(stderr, "%s URL\n", argv[0]);
-    exit(2);
+    return 2;
   }
 
   url = argv[1];
   multi = curl_multi_init();
   if(!multi) {
     fprintf(stderr, "curl_multi_init failed\n");
-    exit(1);
+    goto cleanup;
   }
 
   start_count = 200;
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       easy = curl_easy_init();
       if(!easy) {
         fprintf(stderr, "curl_easy_init failed\n");
-        exit(1);
+        goto cleanup;
       }
       curl_easy_setopt(easy, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
       curl_easy_setopt(easy, CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION, debug_cb);
@@ -186,8 +187,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
       mc = curl_multi_add_handle(multi, easy);
       if(mc != CURLM_OK) {
         fprintf(stderr, "curl_multi_add_handle: %s\n",
-               curl_multi_strerror(mc));
-        exit(1);
+                curl_multi_strerror(mc));
+        curl_easy_cleanup(easy);
+        goto cleanup;
       }
       --start_count;
     }
@@ -195,16 +197,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     mc = curl_multi_perform(multi, &running_handles);
     if(mc != CURLM_OK) {
       fprintf(stderr, "curl_multi_perform: %s\n",
-             curl_multi_strerror(mc));
-      exit(1);
+              curl_multi_strerror(mc));
+      goto cleanup;
     }
 
     if(running_handles) {
       mc = curl_multi_poll(multi, NULL, 0, 1000000, &numfds);
       if(mc != CURLM_OK) {
         fprintf(stderr, "curl_multi_poll: %s\n",
-               curl_multi_strerror(mc));
-        exit(1);
+                curl_multi_strerror(mc));
+        goto cleanup;
       }
     }
 
@@ -224,12 +226,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         else if(msg->data.result) {
           fprintf(stderr, "transfer #%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T
                   ": failed with %d\n", xfer_id, msg->data.result);
-          exit(1);
+          goto cleanup;
         }
         else if(status != 206) {
           fprintf(stderr, "transfer #%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T
                   ": wrong http status %ld (expected 206)\n", xfer_id, status);
-          exit(1);
+          goto cleanup;
         }
         curl_multi_remove_handle(multi, msg->easy_handle);
         curl_easy_cleanup(msg->easy_handle);
@@ -244,5 +246,22 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   } while(running_handles > 0 || start_count);
 
   fprintf(stderr, "exiting\n");
-  exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+  exitcode = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+cleanup:
+
+  if(multi) {
+    CURL **list = curl_multi_get_handles(multi);
+    if(list) {
+      int i;
+      for(i = 0; list[i]; i++) {
+        curl_multi_remove_handle(multi, list[i]);
+        curl_easy_cleanup(list[i]);
+      }
+      curl_free(list);
+    }
+    curl_multi_cleanup(multi);
+  }
+
+  return exitcode;
 }

tests/http/clients/tls-session-reuse.c

@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ static size_t write_cb(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *opaque)
   return size * nmemb;
 }
 
-static void add_transfer(CURLM *multi, CURLSH *share,
-                         struct curl_slist *resolve,
-                         const char *url, int http_version)
+static int add_transfer(CURLM *multi, CURLSH *share,
+                        struct curl_slist *resolve,
+                        const char *url, int http_version)
 {
   CURL *easy;
   CURLMcode mc;
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ static void add_transfer(CURLM *multi, CURLSH *share,
   easy = curl_easy_init();
   if(!easy) {
     fprintf(stderr, "curl_easy_init failed\n");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   curl_easy_setopt(easy, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
   curl_easy_setopt(easy, CURLOPT_DEBUGFUNCTION, debug_cb);
@@ -167,30 +167,33 @@ static void add_transfer(CURLM *multi, CURLSH *share,
   mc = curl_multi_add_handle(multi, easy);
   if(mc != CURLM_OK) {
     fprintf(stderr, "curl_multi_add_handle: %s\n",
-           curl_multi_strerror(mc));
-    exit(1);
+            curl_multi_strerror(mc));
+    curl_easy_cleanup(easy);
+    return 1;
   }
+  return 0;
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
   const char *url;
-  CURLM *multi;
+  CURLM *multi = NULL;
   CURLMcode mc;
   int running_handles = 0, numfds;
   CURLMsg *msg;
-  CURLSH *share;
+  CURLSH *share = NULL;
   CURLU *cu;
-  struct curl_slist resolve;
+  struct curl_slist *resolve = NULL;
   char resolve_buf[1024];
   int msgs_in_queue;
   int add_more, waits, ongoing = 0;
-  char *host, *port;
+  char *host = NULL, *port = NULL;
   int http_version = CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1;
+  int exitcode = 1;
 
   if(argc != 3) {
     fprintf(stderr, "%s proto URL\n", argv[0]);
-    exit(2);
+    return 2;
   }
 
   if(!strcmp("h2", argv[1]))
@@ -202,41 +205,41 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   cu = curl_url();
   if(!cu) {
     fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   if(curl_url_set(cu, CURLUPART_URL, url, 0)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "not a URL: '%s'\n", url);
-    exit(1);
+    goto cleanup;
   }
   if(curl_url_get(cu, CURLUPART_HOST, &host, 0)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "could not get host of '%s'\n", url);
-    exit(1);
+    goto cleanup;
   }
   if(curl_url_get(cu, CURLUPART_PORT, &port, 0)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "could not get port of '%s'\n", url);
-    exit(1);
+    goto cleanup;
   }
 
-  memset(&resolve, 0, sizeof(resolve));
   curl_msnprintf(resolve_buf, sizeof(resolve_buf)-1, "%s:%s:127.0.0.1",
                  host, port);
-  curl_slist_append(&resolve, resolve_buf);
+  resolve = curl_slist_append(resolve, resolve_buf);
 
   multi = curl_multi_init();
   if(!multi) {
     fprintf(stderr, "curl_multi_init failed\n");
-    exit(1);
+    goto cleanup;
   }
 
   share = curl_share_init();
   if(!share) {
     fprintf(stderr, "curl_share_init failed\n");
-    exit(1);
+    goto cleanup;
   }
   curl_share_setopt(share, CURLSHOPT_SHARE, CURL_LOCK_DATA_SSL_SESSION);
 
 
-  add_transfer(multi, share, &resolve, url, http_version);
+  if(add_transfer(multi, share, resolve, url, http_version))
+    goto cleanup;
   ++ongoing;
   add_more = 6;
   waits = 3;
@@ -244,16 +247,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     mc = curl_multi_perform(multi, &running_handles);
     if(mc != CURLM_OK) {
       fprintf(stderr, "curl_multi_perform: %s\n",
-             curl_multi_strerror(mc));
-      exit(1);
+              curl_multi_strerror(mc));
+      goto cleanup;
     }
 
     if(running_handles) {
       mc = curl_multi_poll(multi, NULL, 0, 1000000, &numfds);
       if(mc != CURLM_OK) {
         fprintf(stderr, "curl_multi_poll: %s\n",
-               curl_multi_strerror(mc));
-        exit(1);
+                curl_multi_strerror(mc));
+        goto cleanup;
       }
     }
 
@@ -262,7 +265,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     }
     else {
       while(add_more) {
-        add_transfer(multi, share, &resolve, url, http_version);
+        if(add_transfer(multi, share, resolve, url, http_version))
+          goto cleanup;
         ++ongoing;
         --add_more;
       }
@@ -284,12 +288,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         else if(msg->data.result) {
           fprintf(stderr, "transfer #%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T
                   ": failed with %d\n", xfer_id, msg->data.result);
-          exit(1);
+          goto cleanup;
         }
         else if(status != 200) {
           fprintf(stderr, "transfer #%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T
                   ": wrong http status %ld (expected 200)\n", xfer_id, status);
-          exit(1);
+          goto cleanup;
         }
         curl_multi_remove_handle(multi, msg->easy_handle);
         curl_easy_cleanup(msg->easy_handle);
@@ -305,5 +309,27 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   } while(ongoing || add_more);
 
   fprintf(stderr, "exiting\n");
-  exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+  exitcode = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+cleanup:
+
+  if(multi) {
+    CURL **list = curl_multi_get_handles(multi);
+    if(list) {
+      int i;
+      for(i = 0; list[i]; i++) {
+        curl_multi_remove_handle(multi, list[i]);
+        curl_easy_cleanup(list[i]);
+      }
+      curl_free(list);
+    }
+    curl_multi_cleanup(multi);
+  }
+  curl_share_cleanup(share);
+  curl_slist_free_all(resolve);
+  curl_free(host);
+  curl_free(port);
+  curl_url_cleanup(cu);
+
+  return exitcode;
 }

tests/http/clients/upload-pausing.c

@@ -180,12 +180,6 @@ static int progress_callback(void *clientp,
   return 0;
 }
 
-#define ERR()                                                             \
-  do {                                                                    \
-    fprintf(stderr, "something unexpected went wrong - bailing out!\n");  \
-    exit(2);                                                              \
-  } while(0)
-
 static void usage(const char *msg)
 {
   if(msg)
@@ -196,6 +190,13 @@ static void usage(const char *msg)
     "  -V http_version (http/1.1, h2, h3) http version to use\n"
   );
 }
+
+#define ERR()                                                             \
+  do {                                                                    \
+    fprintf(stderr, "something unexpected went wrong - bailing out!\n");  \
+    return 2;                                                             \
+  } while(0)
+
 #endif /* !_MSC_VER */
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
@@ -245,19 +246,19 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   cu = curl_url();
   if(!cu) {
     fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   if(curl_url_set(cu, CURLUPART_URL, url, 0)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "not a URL: '%s'\n", url);
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   if(curl_url_get(cu, CURLUPART_HOST, &host, 0)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "could not get host of '%s'\n", url);
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   if(curl_url_get(cu, CURLUPART_PORT, &port, 0)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "could not get port of '%s'\n", url);
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   memset(&resolve, 0, sizeof(resolve));
   curl_msnprintf(resolve_buf, sizeof(resolve_buf)-1, "%s:%s:127.0.0.1",
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(!curl) {
     fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
   /* We want to use our own read function. */
   curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, read_callback);

tests/libtest/lib533.c

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
  *
  ***************************************************************************/
-/* used for test case 533, 534 and 535 */
+/* used for test case 533, 534, 535 and 546 */
 
 #include "test.h"
 

tests/pathhelp.pm

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ BEGIN {
     our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
         os_is_win
         exe_ext
+        dirsepadd
         sys_native_abs_path
         sys_native_current_path
         build_sys_abs_path
@@ -182,4 +183,13 @@ sub exe_ext {
     return '';
 }
 
+#***************************************************************************
+# Add ending slash if missing
+#
+sub dirsepadd {
+    my ($dir) = @_;
+    $dir =~ s/\/$//;
+    return $dir . '/';
+}
+
 1;    # End of module

tests/server/mqttd.c

@@ -1018,8 +1018,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
             logdir, SERVERLOGS_LOCKDIR, ipv_inuse);
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-  win32_init();
-  atexit(win32_cleanup);
+  if(win32_init())
+    return 2;
 #endif
 
   CURL_SET_BINMODE(stdin);

tests/server/resolve.c

@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-  win32_init();
-  atexit(win32_cleanup);
+  if(win32_init())
+    return 2;
 #endif
 
 #if defined(CURLRES_IPV6)

tests/server/rtspd.c

@@ -1145,8 +1145,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
             logdir, SERVERLOGS_LOCKDIR, ipv_inuse);
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-  win32_init();
-  atexit(win32_cleanup);
+  if(win32_init())
+    return 2;
 #endif
 
   install_signal_handlers(false);

tests/server/sockfilt.c

@@ -1507,8 +1507,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-  win32_init();
-  atexit(win32_cleanup);
+  if(win32_init())
+    return 2;
 #endif
 
   CURL_SET_BINMODE(stdin);

tests/server/socksd.c

@@ -1086,8 +1086,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-  win32_init();
-  atexit(win32_cleanup);
+  if(win32_init())
+    return 2;
 #endif
 
   CURL_SET_BINMODE(stdin);

tests/server/sws.c

@@ -1611,7 +1611,7 @@ static void http_connect(curl_socket_t *infdp,
           if(!req2) {
             req2 = malloc(sizeof(*req2));
             if(!req2)
-              exit(1);
+              goto http_connect_cleanup;  /* fail */
           }
           memset(req2, 0, sizeof(*req2));
           logmsg("====> Client connect DATA");
@@ -2207,8 +2207,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
             is_proxy ? "-proxy" : "", socket_type);
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-  win32_init();
-  atexit(win32_cleanup);
+  if(win32_init())
+    return 2;
 #endif
 
   install_signal_handlers(false);

tests/server/tftpd.c

@@ -644,8 +644,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
             logdir, SERVERLOGS_LOCKDIR, ipv_inuse);
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-  win32_init();
-  atexit(win32_cleanup);
+  if(win32_init())
+    return 2;
 #endif
 
   install_signal_handlers(true);

tests/server/util.c

@@ -153,7 +153,17 @@ void win32_perror(const char *msg)
   fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
 }
 
-void win32_init(void)
+static void win32_cleanup(void)
+{
+#ifdef USE_WINSOCK
+  WSACleanup();
+#endif  /* USE_WINSOCK */
+
+  /* flush buffers of all streams regardless of their mode */
+  _flushall();
+}
+
+int win32_init(void)
 {
 #ifdef USE_WINSOCK
   WORD wVersionRequested;
@@ -166,7 +176,7 @@ void win32_init(void)
   if(err) {
     perror("Winsock init failed");
     logmsg("Error initialising Winsock -- aborting");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
 
   if(LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != LOBYTE(wVersionRequested) ||
@@ -174,19 +184,11 @@ void win32_init(void)
     WSACleanup();
     perror("Winsock init failed");
     logmsg("No suitable winsock.dll found -- aborting");
-    exit(1);
+    return 1;
   }
 #endif  /* USE_WINSOCK */
-}
-
-void win32_cleanup(void)
-{
-#ifdef USE_WINSOCK
-  WSACleanup();
-#endif  /* USE_WINSOCK */
-
-  /* flush buffers of all streams regardless of their mode */
-  _flushall();
+  atexit(win32_cleanup);
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /* socket-safe strerror (works on Winsock errors, too) */

tests/server/util.h

@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ extern const char *cmdfile;
 #define perror(m) win32_perror(m)
 void win32_perror(const char *msg);
 
-void win32_init(void);
-void win32_cleanup(void);
+int win32_init(void);
 const char *sstrerror(int err);
 #else   /* _WIN32 */
 

winbuild/Makefile.vc

@@ -58,9 +58,11 @@ CFGSET=true
 !ENDIF
 
 !INCLUDE "../lib/Makefile.inc"
+CSOURCES=$(CSOURCES:  = )
 LIBCURL_OBJS=$(CSOURCES:.c=.obj)
 
 !INCLUDE "../src/Makefile.inc"
+CURL_CFILES=$(CURL_CFILES:  = )
 CURL_OBJS=$(CURL_CFILES:.c=.obj)