From 3e0689a5e6db12c6e4802f999cb7dd92267f67d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Mar 2024 22:15:41 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 01/18] Resolve object address for dbghelp frames by default,
 handles #100

---
 src/symbols/symbols_with_dbghelp.cpp | 23 +++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/symbols/symbols_with_dbghelp.cpp b/src/symbols/symbols_with_dbghelp.cpp
index 71e9203..31c46db 100644
--- a/src/symbols/symbols_with_dbghelp.cpp
+++ b/src/symbols/symbols_with_dbghelp.cpp
@@ -325,6 +325,13 @@ namespace dbghelp {
 
     // TODO: Handle backtrace_pcinfo calling the callback multiple times on inlined functions
     stacktrace_frame resolve_frame(HANDLE proc, frame_ptr addr) {
+        // The get_frame_object_info() ends up being inexpensive, at on my machine
+        //                                         debug           release
+        // uncached trace resolution (29 frames)   1.9-2.1 ms      1.4-1.8 ms
+        // cached trace resolution   (29 frames)   1.1-1.2 ms      0.2-0.4 ms
+        // get_frame_object_info()                 0.001-0.002 ms  0.0003-0.0006 ms
+        // At some point it might make sense to make an option to control this.
+        auto object_frame = get_frame_object_info(addr);
         const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(dbghelp_lock); // all dbghelp functions are not thread safe
         alignas(SYMBOL_INFO) char buffer[sizeof(SYMBOL_INFO) + MAX_SYM_NAME * sizeof(TCHAR)];
         SYMBOL_INFO* symbol = (SYMBOL_INFO*)buffer;
@@ -345,7 +352,7 @@ namespace dbghelp {
                     std::fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace: Internal error while calling SymSetContext\n");
                     return {
                         addr,
-                        0,
+                        object_frame.object_address,
                         { static_cast<std::uint32_t>(line.LineNumber) },
                         nullable<std::uint32_t>::null(),
                         line.FileName,
@@ -378,7 +385,7 @@ namespace dbghelp {
                 signature = std::regex_replace(signature, comma_re, ", ");
                 return {
                     addr,
-                    0,
+                    object_frame.object_address,
                     { static_cast<std::uint32_t>(line.LineNumber) },
                     nullable<std::uint32_t>::null(),
                     line.FileName,
@@ -388,7 +395,7 @@ namespace dbghelp {
             } else {
                 return {
                     addr,
-                    0,
+                    object_frame.object_address,
                     nullable<std::uint32_t>::null(),
                     nullable<std::uint32_t>::null(),
                     "",
@@ -397,7 +404,15 @@ namespace dbghelp {
                 };
             }
         } else {
-            return { addr, 0, nullable<std::uint32_t>::null(), nullable<std::uint32_t>::null(), "", "", false };
+            return {
+                addr,
+                object_frame.object_address,
+                nullable<std::uint32_t>::null(),
+                nullable<std::uint32_t>::null(),
+                "",
+                "",
+                false
+            };
         }
     }
 

From 754c5884646e2391b9a8d0d7f853d1afa3801163 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Mar 2024 22:25:04 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 02/18] Disable CE button temporarily

---
 README.md | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 04d462d..40adc0a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 [![Quality Gate Status](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=jeremy-rifkin_cpptrace&metric=alert_status)](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=jeremy-rifkin_cpptrace)
 <br/>
 [![Community Discord Link](https://img.shields.io/badge/Chat%20on%20the%20(very%20small)-Community%20Discord-blue?labelColor=2C3239&color=7289DA&style=flat&logo=discord&logoColor=959DA5)](https://discord.gg/frjaAZvqUZ)
-<br/>
-[![Try on Compiler Explorer](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Compiler%20Explorer-brightgreen?logo=data:image/png;base64,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&labelColor=2C3239&style=flat&label=Try+it+on&color=30C452)](https://godbolt.org/z/5sEszzEPE)
+<!--<br/>
+[![Try on Compiler Explorer](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Compiler%20Explorer-brightgreen?logo=data:image/png;base64,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&labelColor=2C3239&style=flat&label=Try+it+on&color=30C452)](https://godbolt.org/z/5sEszzEPE)-->
 
 Cpptrace is a simple, portable, and self-contained C++ stacktrace library supporting C++11 and greater on Linux, macOS,
 and Windows including MinGW and Cygwin environments. The goal: Make stack traces simple for once.

From c35392d20bbd6fc8faaa0d4b0b8b8576a5c76f77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Mar 2024 22:25:51 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 03/18] Fix comment

---
 README.md | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 40adc0a..e51006b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@
 [![Quality Gate Status](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=jeremy-rifkin_cpptrace&metric=alert_status)](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=jeremy-rifkin_cpptrace)
 <br/>
 [![Community Discord Link](https://img.shields.io/badge/Chat%20on%20the%20(very%20small)-Community%20Discord-blue?labelColor=2C3239&color=7289DA&style=flat&logo=discord&logoColor=959DA5)](https://discord.gg/frjaAZvqUZ)
-<!--<br/>
-[![Try on Compiler Explorer](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Compiler%20Explorer-brightgreen?logo=data:image/png;base64,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&labelColor=2C3239&style=flat&label=Try+it+on&color=30C452)](https://godbolt.org/z/5sEszzEPE)-->
+<!--
+<br/>
+[![Try on Compiler Explorer](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Compiler%20Explorer-brightgreen?logo=data:image/png;base64,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&labelColor=2C3239&style=flat&label=Try+it+on&color=30C452)](https://godbolt.org/z/5sEszzEPE)
+-->
 
 Cpptrace is a simple, portable, and self-contained C++ stacktrace library supporting C++11 and greater on Linux, macOS,
 and Windows including MinGW and Cygwin environments. The goal: Make stack traces simple for once.

From 92be6c23f1e8eebfacb84e860b838f3f6f15116a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Mar 2024 17:39:23 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 04/18] Update note about debug symbols being needed

---
 README.md | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cb4bfa9..84e5809 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -141,14 +141,18 @@ thrown, and providing an API for safe tracing from signal handlers.
 
 # In-Depth Documentation
 
+## Prerequisites
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Debug info (`-g`/`/Z7`/`/Zi`/`/DEBUG`/`-DBUILD_TYPE=Debug`/`-DBUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo`) is required for complete
+> trace information.
+
 ## `namespace cpptrace`
 
 `cpptrace::generate_trace()` can be used to generate a stacktrace object at the current call site. Resolved frames can
 be accessed from this object with `.frames` and also the trace can be printed with `.print()`. Cpptrace also provides a
 method to get lightweight raw traces, which are just vectors of program counters, which can be resolved at a later time.
 
-**Note:** Debug info (`-g`/`/Z7`/`/Zi`/`/DEBUG`) is generally required for good trace information.
-
 All functions are thread-safe unless otherwise noted.
 
 ### Stack Traces

From a528aa8e0b6fbc8bb7ba2b81889509dd605b4d09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 16 Mar 2024 16:17:27 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 05/18] Fix object address resolution with _dl_find_object,
 #104

---
 src/binary/object.hpp | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/binary/object.hpp b/src/binary/object.hpp
index bbc59f3..bc41737 100644
--- a/src/binary/object.hpp
+++ b/src/binary/object.hpp
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ namespace detail {
                     frame.object_path = buffer;
                 }
             }
-            frame.object_address = address
-                                    - to_frame_ptr(result.dlfo_link_map->l_addr)
-                                    + get_module_image_base(frame.object_path);
+            frame.object_address = address - to_frame_ptr(result.dlfo_link_map->l_addr);
         }
         return frame;
     }

From 8407adf6d3dde7f205129e37826da67a470740b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 16 Mar 2024 17:52:38 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 06/18] Add print_with_snippets to docs

---
 README.md | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 84e5809..390512e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -161,6 +161,9 @@ The core resolved stack trace object. Generate a trace with `cpptrace::generate_
 `cpptrace::stacktrace::current()`. On top of a set of helper functions `struct stacktrace` allows
 direct access to frames as well as iterators.
 
+`cpptrace::stacktrace::print` can be used to print a stacktrace. `cpptrace::stacktrace::print_with_snippets` can be used
+to print a stack trace with source code snippets.
+
 ```cpp
 namespace cpptrace {
     // Some type sufficient for an instruction pointer, currently always an alias to std::uintptr_t
@@ -190,6 +193,9 @@ namespace cpptrace {
         void print() const;
         void print(std::ostream& stream) const;
         void print(std::ostream& stream, bool color) const;
+        void print_with_snippets() const;
+        void print_with_snippets(std::ostream& stream) const;
+        void print_with_snippets(std::ostream& stream, bool color) const;
         std::string to_string(bool color = false) const;
         void clear();
         bool empty() const noexcept;

From 9b69d200c1ce4a101a4551e8acf7440414ba497a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 16 Mar 2024 18:03:34 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 07/18] Bump to v0.5.0

---
 CHANGELOG.md   | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 CMakeLists.txt |  2 +-
 README.md      | 14 +++++++-------
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d12247d..b48df93 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Changelog
 
 - [Changelog](#changelog)
+- [v0.5.0](#v050)
 - [v0.4.1](#v041)
 - [v0.4.0](#v040)
 - [v0.3.1](#v031)
@@ -10,6 +11,23 @@
 - [v0.1.1](#v011)
 - [v0.1](#v01)
 
+# v0.5.0
+
+New:
+- Traces with source code snippets with `cpptrace::stacktrace::print_with_snippets`
+- Added `cpptrace::get_snippet` utility
+- Added `cpptrace::can_signal_safe_unwind` utility
+- Added `stacktrace_frame::get_object_info`
+
+Changes:
+- The library is now compiled with position-independent code by default
+
+Fixes:
+- Fixed issue with `_dl_find_object` implementation
+
+Misc:
+- Various refactoring, cleanup, and improvements
+
 # v0.4.1
 
 Changes:
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 851c1e9..e27743f 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ set(package_name "cpptrace")
 
 project(
   cpptrace
-  VERSION 0.4.1
+  VERSION 0.5.0
   DESCRIPTION "Simple, portable, and self-contained stacktrace library for C++11 and newer "
   HOMEPAGE_URL "https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace"
   LANGUAGES C CXX
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 390512e..7242589 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ include(FetchContent)
 FetchContent_Declare(
   cpptrace
   GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-  GIT_TAG        v0.4.1 # <HASH or TAG>
+  GIT_TAG        v0.5.0 # <HASH or TAG>
 )
 FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpptrace)
 target_link_libraries(your_target cpptrace::cpptrace)
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ include(FetchContent)
 FetchContent_Declare(
   cpptrace
   GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-  GIT_TAG        v0.4.1 # <HASH or TAG>
+  GIT_TAG        v0.5.0 # <HASH or TAG>
 )
 FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpptrace)
 target_link_libraries(your_target cpptrace::cpptrace)
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ information.
 
 ```sh
 git clone https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-git checkout v0.4.1
+git checkout v0.5.0
 mkdir cpptrace/build
 cd cpptrace/build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ you when installing new libraries.
 
 ```ps1
 git clone https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-git checkout v0.4.1
+git checkout v0.5.0
 mkdir cpptrace/build
 cd cpptrace/build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ To install just for the local user (or any custom prefix):
 
 ```sh
 git clone https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-git checkout v0.4.1
+git checkout v0.5.0
 mkdir cpptrace/build
 cd cpptrace/build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/wherever
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ make install
 cd ~/scratch/cpptrace-test
 git clone https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
 cd cpptrace
-git checkout v0.4.1
+git checkout v0.5.0
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=On -DCPPTRACE_USE_EXTERNAL_LIBDWARF=On -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=~/scratch/cpptrace-test/resources -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/scratch/cpptrace-test/resources
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ cpptrace and its dependencies.
 Cpptrace is available through conan at https://conan.io/center/recipes/cpptrace.
 ```
 [requires]
-cpptrace/0.4.1
+cpptrace/0.5.0
 [generators]
 CMakeDeps
 CMakeToolchain

From a841a1b74a74a023c43643ddefa3039b29dc12e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 16 Mar 2024 19:23:03 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 08/18] Fix msvc warning treated as error

---
 src/snippets/snippet.cpp | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/snippets/snippet.cpp b/src/snippets/snippet.cpp
index d9ec4dc..660d375 100644
--- a/src/snippets/snippet.cpp
+++ b/src/snippets/snippet.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <iostream>
 
 #include "../utils/common.hpp"
+#include "../utils/utils.hpp"
 
 namespace cpptrace {
 namespace detail {
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ namespace detail {
                     }
                     // else load file
                     file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
-                    contents.resize(size);
+                    contents.resize(to<std::size_t>(size));
                     if(!file.read(&contents[0], size)) {
                         // error ...
                     }

From c5138e2f40a4d8fc74f5d69ed36de0ff5f4b2978 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 16 Mar 2024 19:34:16 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 09/18] Add nominmax for windows.h

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 851c1e9..23bd55f 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -288,6 +288,8 @@ target_compile_features(
     PRIVATE cxx_std_11
 )
 
+target_compile_definitions(${target_name} PRIVATE NOMINMAX)
+
 if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "AppleClang")
   SET(CMAKE_C_ARCHIVE_FINISH   "<CMAKE_RANLIB> -no_warning_for_no_symbols -c <TARGET>")
   SET(CMAKE_CXX_ARCHIVE_FINISH "<CMAKE_RANLIB> -no_warning_for_no_symbols -c <TARGET>")

From fdf44992598ffb0e889a2aba2197d59c8f95a905 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 16 Mar 2024 23:31:07 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 10/18] Update docs to showcase source code snippets

---
 README.md        |   3 +++
 res/snippets.png | Bin 0 -> 23753 bytes
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 res/snippets.png

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 390512e..83473c6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ Additional notable features:
 - Utilities for demangling
 - Utilities for catching `std::exception`s and wrapping them in traced exceptions
 - Signal-safe stack tracing
+- Source code snippets in traces
+
+![Snippets](res/snippets.png)
 
 ## CMake FetchContent Usage
 
diff --git a/res/snippets.png b/res/snippets.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04f6b00b3939a6e220df87507e17b82d11839fc9
GIT binary patch
literal 23753
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001


From 37e6cef4f992fee55c59c3e1e537f70729cbdb46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Billy O'Neal <bion@microsoft.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2024 21:03:26 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 11/18] Defend against min and max macros from windows.h (#105)

Alternative to
https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/pull/37512/files#diff-9f533b43a5faabaa6b5a0e046f0ae425cd85736808604dd61dc9a955db3d060aR9

I left the examples in mach-o.hpp as they are guarded by #if IS_APPLE
---
 include/cpptrace/cpptrace.hpp | 6 +++---
 src/utils/dwarf.hpp           | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/cpptrace/cpptrace.hpp b/include/cpptrace/cpptrace.hpp
index 83cf3e4..e47e785 100644
--- a/include/cpptrace/cpptrace.hpp
+++ b/include/cpptrace/cpptrace.hpp
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ namespace cpptrace {
             return *this;
         }
         bool has_value() const noexcept {
-            return raw_value != std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+            return raw_value != (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)();
         }
         T& value() noexcept {
             return raw_value;
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ namespace cpptrace {
             std::swap(raw_value, other.raw_value);
         }
         void reset() noexcept {
-            raw_value = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+            raw_value = (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)();
         }
         bool operator==(const nullable& other) const noexcept {
             return raw_value == other.raw_value;
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ namespace cpptrace {
             return raw_value != other.raw_value;
         }
         constexpr static nullable null() noexcept {
-            return { std::numeric_limits<T>::max() };
+            return { (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)() };
         }
     };
 
diff --git a/src/utils/dwarf.hpp b/src/utils/dwarf.hpp
index 39feb34..468e318 100644
--- a/src/utils/dwarf.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/dwarf.hpp
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ namespace libdwarf {
                 return;
             }
             Dwarf_Addr baseaddr = 0;
-            if(lowpc != std::numeric_limits<Dwarf_Addr>::max()) {
+            if(lowpc != (std::numeric_limits<Dwarf_Addr>::max)()) {
                 baseaddr = lowpc;
             }
             Dwarf_Ranges* ranges = nullptr;
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ namespace libdwarf {
         template<typename F>
         // callback should return true to keep going
         void dwarf_ranges(int version, optional<Dwarf_Addr> pc, F callback) const {
-            Dwarf_Addr lowpc = std::numeric_limits<Dwarf_Addr>::max();
+            Dwarf_Addr lowpc = (std::numeric_limits<Dwarf_Addr>::max)();
             if(wrap(dwarf_lowpc, die, &lowpc) == DW_DLV_OK) {
                 if(pc.has_value() && pc.unwrap() == lowpc) {
                     callback(lowpc, lowpc + 1);

From 8f8e1e34e2d25f5f3bf95040b743385160fe7071 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Mar 2024 22:59:35 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 12/18] Re-add CE button on readme

---
 README.md | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e195e99..355cad2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,10 +5,8 @@
 [![Quality Gate Status](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=jeremy-rifkin_cpptrace&metric=alert_status)](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=jeremy-rifkin_cpptrace)
 <br/>
 [![Community Discord Link](https://img.shields.io/badge/Chat%20on%20the%20(very%20small)-Community%20Discord-blue?labelColor=2C3239&color=7289DA&style=flat&logo=discord&logoColor=959DA5)](https://discord.gg/frjaAZvqUZ)
-<!--
 <br/>
-[![Try on Compiler Explorer](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Compiler%20Explorer-brightgreen?logo=data:image/png;base64,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&labelColor=2C3239&style=flat&label=Try+it+on&color=30C452)](https://godbolt.org/z/5sEszzEPE)
--->
+[![Try on Compiler Explorer](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Compiler%20Explorer-brightgreen?logo=data:image/png;base64,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&labelColor=2C3239&style=flat&label=Try+it+on&color=30C452)](https://godbolt.org/z/c6TqTzqcf)
 
 Cpptrace is a simple, portable, and self-contained C++ stacktrace library supporting C++11 and greater on Linux, macOS,
 and Windows including MinGW and Cygwin environments. The goal: Make stack traces simple for once.

From d1199dc325b6c23536811f0e8d81672f1d5b5093 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Mar 2024 22:08:21 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 13/18] Fix potential null dereference issue, thanks
 @eyalgolan1337. Resolves #106.

---
 src/utils/utils.hpp | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/utils/utils.hpp b/src/utils/utils.hpp
index c61db30..fdef76c 100644
--- a/src/utils/utils.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/utils.hpp
@@ -455,7 +455,9 @@ namespace detail {
     }
 
     inline void file_deleter(std::FILE* ptr) {
-        fclose(ptr);
+        if(ptr) {
+            fclose(ptr);
+        }
     }
 }
 }

From b72164b39b484a2c6f9dc16e8743de67446ebf7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Mar 2024 22:12:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 14/18] Bump to v0.5.1

---
 CHANGELOG.md   |  7 +++++++
 CMakeLists.txt |  2 +-
 README.md      | 14 +++++++-------
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index b48df93..79fcfde 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@
 - [v0.1.1](#v011)
 - [v0.1](#v01)
 
+# v0.5.1
+
+Fixes:
+- Fix MSVC warning treated as error for 32-bit windows
+- Fix MSVC issue with min/max macros
+- Fix potential null dereference issue identified by eyalgolan1337
+
 # v0.5.0
 
 New:
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 6f42a4d..e251dc9 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ set(package_name "cpptrace")
 
 project(
   cpptrace
-  VERSION 0.5.0
+  VERSION 0.5.1
   DESCRIPTION "Simple, portable, and self-contained stacktrace library for C++11 and newer "
   HOMEPAGE_URL "https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace"
   LANGUAGES C CXX
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 355cad2..123168c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ include(FetchContent)
 FetchContent_Declare(
   cpptrace
   GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-  GIT_TAG        v0.5.0 # <HASH or TAG>
+  GIT_TAG        v0.5.1 # <HASH or TAG>
 )
 FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpptrace)
 target_link_libraries(your_target cpptrace::cpptrace)
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ include(FetchContent)
 FetchContent_Declare(
   cpptrace
   GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-  GIT_TAG        v0.5.0 # <HASH or TAG>
+  GIT_TAG        v0.5.1 # <HASH or TAG>
 )
 FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpptrace)
 target_link_libraries(your_target cpptrace::cpptrace)
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ information.
 
 ```sh
 git clone https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-git checkout v0.5.0
+git checkout v0.5.1
 mkdir cpptrace/build
 cd cpptrace/build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ you when installing new libraries.
 
 ```ps1
 git clone https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-git checkout v0.5.0
+git checkout v0.5.1
 mkdir cpptrace/build
 cd cpptrace/build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ To install just for the local user (or any custom prefix):
 
 ```sh
 git clone https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
-git checkout v0.5.0
+git checkout v0.5.1
 mkdir cpptrace/build
 cd cpptrace/build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/wherever
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ make install
 cd ~/scratch/cpptrace-test
 git clone https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
 cd cpptrace
-git checkout v0.5.0
+git checkout v0.5.1
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=On -DCPPTRACE_USE_EXTERNAL_LIBDWARF=On -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=~/scratch/cpptrace-test/resources -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/scratch/cpptrace-test/resources
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ cpptrace and its dependencies.
 Cpptrace is available through conan at https://conan.io/center/recipes/cpptrace.
 ```
 [requires]
-cpptrace/0.5.0
+cpptrace/0.5.1
 [generators]
 CMakeDeps
 CMakeToolchain

From e65edcf91adb4a88b9fb62cb7e8fa549dbd84e8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Mar 2024 19:51:53 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 15/18] Make note about -DCPPTRACE_STATIC_DEFINE more prominent

---
 README.md | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 123168c..2efa46b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -674,7 +674,8 @@ The typical dependencies for cpptrace are:
 
 Note: Newer libdwarf requires `-lzstd`, older libdwarf does not.
 
-If you are linking statically, you will additionally need to specify `-DCPPTRACE_STATIC_DEFINE`.
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> If you are linking statically, you will additionally need to specify `-DCPPTRACE_STATIC_DEFINE`.
 
 Dependencies may differ if different back-ends are manually selected.
 

From a3899781dc268877107caae61d1b16ce1ded1e9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 22:50:30 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 16/18] Try to fix ci

---
 .github/workflows/build.yml | 10 ++++++----
 .github/workflows/test.yml  | 10 ++++++----
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 45e9356..49811f9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -34,14 +34,15 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: dependencies
       run: |
-           pip3 install colorama
+           python3 -m venv env
+           env/bin/pip install colorama
     - name: libdwarf
       run: |
            cd ..
            cpptrace/ci/setup-prerequisites.sh
     - name: build
       run: |
-           python3 ci/build-in-all-configs.py --${{matrix.compiler}} --default-config
+           env/bin/python ci/build-in-all-configs.py --${{matrix.compiler}} --default-config
   build-windows:
     runs-on: windows-2022
     strategy:
@@ -95,14 +96,15 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: dependencies
       run: |
-           pip3 install colorama
+           python3 -m venv env
+           env/bin/pip install colorama
     - name: libdwarf
       run: |
            cd ..
            cpptrace/ci/setup-prerequisites.sh
     - name: build
       run: |
-           python3 ci/build-in-all-configs.py --${{matrix.compiler}}
+           env/bin/python ci/build-in-all-configs.py --${{matrix.compiler}}
   build-windows-all-configurations:
     runs-on: windows-2022
     needs: build-windows
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 0f81803..cc8da81 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -42,10 +42,11 @@ jobs:
            cpptrace/ci/setup-prerequisites.sh
     - name: dependencies
       run: |
-           pip3 install colorama
+           python3 -m venv env
+           env/bin/pip install colorama
     - name: build and test
       run: |
-           python3 ci/test-all-configs.py --${{matrix.compiler}} --default-config
+           env/bin/python ci/test-all-configs.py --${{matrix.compiler}} --default-config
   test-windows:
     runs-on: windows-2022
     strategy:
@@ -106,10 +107,11 @@ jobs:
            cpptrace/ci/setup-prerequisites.sh
     - name: dependencies
       run: |
-           pip3 install colorama
+           python3 -m venv env
+           env/bin/pip install colorama
     - name: build and test
       run: |
-           python3 ci/test-all-configs.py --${{matrix.compiler}}
+           env/bin/python ci/test-all-configs.py --${{matrix.compiler}}
   test-windows-all-configurations:
     runs-on: windows-2022
     strategy:

From fa6155ff470ccc5e2631ebbc18b38a2dbb82d805 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 23:08:18 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 17/18] Remove awful stringf system

---
 src/symbols/symbols_with_libbacktrace.cpp |   2 +-
 src/utils/common.hpp                      |  12 -
 src/utils/dbghelp_syminit_manager.hpp     |   4 +-
 src/utils/dwarf.hpp                       |   4 +-
 src/utils/error.hpp                       |  17 +-
 src/utils/microfmt.hpp                    | 316 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/utils/utils.hpp                       |   1 +
 7 files changed, 331 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/utils/microfmt.hpp

diff --git a/src/symbols/symbols_with_libbacktrace.cpp b/src/symbols/symbols_with_libbacktrace.cpp
index 2d7937b..c719bba 100644
--- a/src/symbols/symbols_with_libbacktrace.cpp
+++ b/src/symbols/symbols_with_libbacktrace.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace libbacktrace {
     }
 
     void error_callback(void*, const char* msg, int errnum) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(stringf("Libbacktrace error: %s, code %d\n", msg, errnum));
+        throw std::runtime_error(microfmt::format("Libbacktrace error: {}, code {}\n", msg, errnum));
     }
 
     backtrace_state* get_backtrace_state() {
diff --git a/src/utils/common.hpp b/src/utils/common.hpp
index d091afa..b6426fe 100644
--- a/src/utils/common.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/common.hpp
@@ -52,18 +52,6 @@
 
 namespace cpptrace {
 namespace detail {
-    // Placed here instead of utils because it's used by error.hpp and utils.hpp
-    template<typename... T> std::string stringf(T... args) {
-        int length = std::snprintf(nullptr, 0, args...);
-        if(length < 0) {
-            throw std::logic_error("invalid arguments to stringf");
-        }
-        std::string str(length, 0);
-        // .data is const char* in c++11, but &str[0] should be legal
-        std::snprintf(&str[0], length + 1, args...);
-        return str;
-    }
-
     static const stacktrace_frame null_frame {
         0,
         0,
diff --git a/src/utils/dbghelp_syminit_manager.hpp b/src/utils/dbghelp_syminit_manager.hpp
index 6f7ffd7..688b349 100644
--- a/src/utils/dbghelp_syminit_manager.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/dbghelp_syminit_manager.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace detail {
         ~dbghelp_syminit_manager() {
             for(auto handle : set) {
                 if(!SymCleanup(handle)) {
-                    ASSERT(false, stringf("Cpptrace SymCleanup failed with code %llu\n", to_ull(GetLastError())));
+                    ASSERT(false, microfmt::format("Cpptrace SymCleanup failed with code {}\n", GetLastError()));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace detail {
         void init(HANDLE proc) {
             if(set.count(proc) == 0) {
                 if(!SymInitialize(proc, NULL, TRUE)) {
-                    throw std::logic_error(stringf("SymInitialize failed %llu", to_ull(GetLastError())));
+                    throw std::logic_error(microfmt::format("SymInitialize failed {}", GetLastError()));
                 }
                 set.insert(proc);
             }
diff --git a/src/utils/dwarf.hpp b/src/utils/dwarf.hpp
index 468e318..3a282de 100644
--- a/src/utils/dwarf.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/dwarf.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace libdwarf {
         char* msg = dwarf_errmsg(error);
         (void)dbg;
         // dwarf_dealloc_error(dbg, error);
-        throw std::runtime_error(stringf("Cpptrace dwarf error %u %s\n", ev, msg));
+        throw std::runtime_error(microfmt::format("Cpptrace dwarf error {} {}\n", ev, msg));
     }
 
     struct die_object {
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ namespace libdwarf {
                         return die_object(dbg, target);
                     }
                 default:
-                    PANIC(stringf("unknown form for attribute %d %d\n", attr_num, form));
+                    PANIC(microfmt::format("unknown form for attribute {} {}\n", attr_num, form));
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/utils/error.hpp b/src/utils/error.hpp
index d0533ab..962844f 100644
--- a/src/utils/error.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/error.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "common.hpp"
+#include "microfmt.hpp"
 
 #if IS_MSVC
  #define CPPTRACE_PFUNC __FUNCSIG__
@@ -57,8 +58,8 @@ namespace detail {
         const char* name   = assert_names[static_cast<std::underlying_type<assert_type>::type>(type)];
         if(message == "") {
             throw std::logic_error(
-                stringf(
-                    "Cpptrace %s failed at %s:%d: %s\n"
+                microfmt::format(
+                    "Cpptrace {} failed at {}:{}: {}\n"
                     "    %s(%s);\n",
                     action, location.file, location.line, signature,
                     name, expression
@@ -66,8 +67,8 @@ namespace detail {
             );
         } else {
             throw std::logic_error(
-                stringf(
-                    "Cpptrace %s failed at %s:%d: %s: %s\n"
+                microfmt::format(
+                    "Cpptrace {} failed at {}:{}: {}: {}\n"
                     "    %s(%s);\n",
                     action, location.file, location.line, signature, message.c_str(),
                     name, expression
@@ -83,15 +84,15 @@ namespace detail {
     ) {
         if(message == "") {
             throw std::logic_error(
-                stringf(
-                    "Cpptrace panic %s:%d: %s\n",
+                microfmt::format(
+                    "Cpptrace panic {}:{}: {}\n",
                     location.file, location.line, signature
                 )
             );
         } else {
             throw std::logic_error(
-                stringf(
-                    "Cpptrace panic %s:%d: %s: %s\n",
+                microfmt::format(
+                    "Cpptrace panic {}:{}: {}: {}\n",
                     location.file, location.line, signature, message.c_str()
                 )
             );
diff --git a/src/utils/microfmt.hpp b/src/utils/microfmt.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4386b03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/microfmt.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+#ifndef MICROFMT_HPP
+#define MICROFMT_HPP
+
+// Copyright (c) 2024 Jeremy Rifkin; MIT License
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_string_view) && __cpp_lib_string_view >= 201606L
+#include <string_view>
+#endif
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+// {[[align][width]:[fill][base]]}
+// width: number or {}
+
+namespace microfmt {
+    namespace detail {
+        #define STR2(x) #x
+        #define STR(x) STR2(x)
+        #define MICROFMT_ASSERT(expr) if(!(expr)) { \
+            throw std::runtime_error("Microfmt check failed" __FILE__ ":" STR(__LINE__) ": " #expr); \
+        }
+
+        #ifdef _MSC_VER
+        inline std::uint64_t clz(std::uint64_t value) {
+            unsigned long out = 0;
+            #ifdef _WIN64
+            _BitScanForward64(&out, value);
+            #else
+            if(_BitScanForward(&out, std::uint32_t(value >> 32))) {
+                return 63 ^ int(out + 32);
+            }
+            _BitScanForward(&out, std::uint32_t(value));
+            #endif
+            return out;
+        }
+        #else
+        inline std::uint64_t clz(std::uint64_t value) {
+            return __builtin_clzll(value);
+        }
+        #endif
+
+        enum class alignment { left, right };
+
+        struct format_options {
+            alignment align = alignment::left;
+            char fill = ' ';
+            size_t width = 0;
+            char base = 'd';
+        };
+
+        template<typename It> void do_write(std::string& out, It begin, It end, const format_options& options) {
+            auto size = end - begin;
+            MICROFMT_ASSERT(size >= 0);
+            if(static_cast<std::size_t>(size) >= options.width) {
+                out.append(begin, end);
+            } else {
+                auto out_size = out.size();
+                out.resize(out_size + options.width);
+                if(options.align == alignment::left) {
+                    std::copy(begin, end, out.begin() + out_size);
+                    std::fill(out.begin() + out_size + size, out.end(), options.fill);
+                } else {
+                    std::fill(out.begin() + out_size, out.begin() + out_size + (options.width - size), options.fill);
+                    std::copy(begin, end, out.begin() + out_size + (options.width - size));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        template<int shift, int mask>
+        std::string to_string(std::uint64_t value, const char* digits = "0123456789abcdef") {
+            if(value == 0) {
+                return "0";
+            } else {
+                // digits = floor(1 + log_base(x))
+                // log_base(x) = log_2(x) / log_2(base)
+                // log_2(x) == 63 - clz(x)
+                // 1 + (63 - clz(value)) / (63 - clz(1 << shift))
+                // 63 - clz(1 << shift) is the same as shift
+                auto n_digits = 1 + (63 - clz(value)) / shift;
+                std::string number;
+                number.resize(n_digits);
+                std::size_t i = n_digits - 1;
+                while(value > 0) {
+                    number[i--] = digits[value & mask];
+                    value >>= shift;
+                }
+                return number;
+            }
+        }
+
+        inline std::string to_string(std::uint64_t value, const format_options& options) {
+            switch(options.base) {
+                case 'd': return std::to_string(value);
+                case 'H': return to_string<4, 0xf>(value, "0123456789ABCDEF");
+                case 'h': return to_string<4, 0xf>(value);
+                case 'o': return to_string<3, 0x7>(value);
+                case 'b': return to_string<1, 0x1>(value);
+                default:
+                    MICROFMT_ASSERT(false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        class format_value {
+            enum class value_type {
+                char_value,
+                int64_value,
+                uint64_value,
+                string_value,
+                #if defined(__cpp_lib_string_view) && __cpp_lib_string_view >= 201606L
+                string_view_value,
+                #endif
+                c_string_value,
+            };
+            union {
+                char char_value;
+                std::int64_t int64_value;
+                std::uint64_t uint64_value;
+                const std::string* string_value;
+                #if defined(__cpp_lib_string_view) && __cpp_lib_string_view >= 201606L
+                std::string_view string_view_value;
+                #endif
+                const char* c_string_value;
+            };
+            value_type value;
+
+        public:
+            format_value(char c) : char_value(c), value(value_type::char_value) {}
+            format_value(short int_val) : int64_value(int_val), value(value_type::int64_value) {}
+            format_value(int int_val) : int64_value(int_val), value(value_type::int64_value) {}
+            format_value(long int_val) : int64_value(int_val), value(value_type::int64_value) {}
+            format_value(long long int_val) : int64_value(int_val), value(value_type::int64_value) {}
+            format_value(unsigned char int_val) : uint64_value(int_val), value(value_type::uint64_value) {}
+            format_value(unsigned short int_val) : uint64_value(int_val), value(value_type::uint64_value) {}
+            format_value(unsigned int int_val) : uint64_value(int_val), value(value_type::uint64_value) {}
+            format_value(unsigned long int_val) : uint64_value(int_val), value(value_type::uint64_value) {}
+            format_value(unsigned long long int_val) : uint64_value(int_val), value(value_type::uint64_value) {}
+            format_value(const std::string& string) : string_value(&string), value(value_type::string_value) {}
+            #if defined(__cpp_lib_string_view) && __cpp_lib_string_view >= 201606L
+            format_value(std::string_view sv) : string_view_value(sv), value(value_type::string_view_value) {}
+            #endif
+            format_value(const char* c_string) : c_string_value(c_string), value(value_type::c_string_value) {}
+
+            int unwrap_int() const {
+                switch(value) {
+                    case value_type::int64_value:  return static_cast<int>(int64_value);
+                    case value_type::uint64_value: return static_cast<int>(uint64_value);
+                    default: MICROFMT_ASSERT(false);
+                }
+            }
+
+        public:
+            void write(std::string& out, const format_options& options) const {
+                switch(value) {
+                    case value_type::char_value:
+                        do_write(out, &char_value, &char_value + 1, options);
+                        break;
+                    case value_type::int64_value:
+                        {
+                            std::string str;
+                            std::int64_t val = int64_value;
+                            if(val < 0) {
+                                str += '-';
+                                val *= -1;
+                            }
+                            str += to_string(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(val), options);
+                            do_write(out, str.begin(), str.end(), options);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case value_type::uint64_value:
+                        {
+                            std::string str = to_string(uint64_value, options);
+                            do_write(out, str.begin(), str.end(), options);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case value_type::string_value:
+                        do_write(out, string_value->begin(), string_value->end(), options);
+                        break;
+                    #if defined(__cpp_lib_string_view) && __cpp_lib_string_view >= 201606L
+                    case value_type::string_view_value:
+                        do_write(out, string_view_value.begin(), string_view_value.end(), options);
+                        break;
+                    #endif
+                    case value_type::c_string_value:
+                        do_write(out, c_string_value, c_string_value + std::strlen(c_string_value), options);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        MICROFMT_ASSERT(false);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        inline int parse_int(std::string::const_iterator begin, std::string::const_iterator end) {
+            int x = 0;
+            for(auto it = begin; it != end; it++) {
+                MICROFMT_ASSERT(isdigit(*it));
+                x *= 10;
+                x += *it - '0';
+            }
+            return x;
+        }
+
+        template<std::size_t N>
+        std::string format(const std::string& format_string, std::array<format_value, N> args) {
+            std::string str;
+            std::size_t arg_i = 0;
+            auto it = format_string.begin();
+            auto peek = [&] (std::size_t dist = 1) -> char { // 0 on failure
+                if(it != format_string.end()) {
+                    return *(it + dist);
+                } else {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            };
+            auto read_number = [&] () -> int { // -1 on failure
+                auto scan = it;
+                while(scan != format_string.end() && isdigit(*scan)) {
+                    scan++;
+                }
+                if(scan != it) {
+                    int val = parse_int(it, scan);
+                    it = scan;
+                    return val;
+                } else {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            };
+            while(it != format_string.end()) {
+                if(*it == '{') {
+                    if(peek() == '{') {
+                        // try to handle escape
+                        str += '{';
+                        it++;
+                    } else {
+                        // parse format string
+                        it++;
+                        MICROFMT_ASSERT(it != format_string.end());
+                        format_options options;
+                        // try to parse alignment
+                        if(*it == '<' || *it == '>') {
+                            options.align = *it == '<' ? alignment::left : alignment::right;
+                            it++;
+                        }
+                        // try to parse width
+                        auto width = read_number();
+                        if(width != -1) {
+                            options.width = width;
+                        } else if(*it == '{') { // try to parse variable width
+                            MICROFMT_ASSERT(peek() == '}');
+                            it += 2;
+                            MICROFMT_ASSERT(arg_i < N);
+                            options.width = args[arg_i++].unwrap_int();
+                        }
+                        // try to parse fill/base
+                        if(*it == ':') {
+                            it++;
+                            // try to parse fill
+                            if(*it != '}' && peek(1) != '}') {
+                                // two chars before the }, treat as fill+base
+                                options.fill = *it++;
+                                options.base = *it++;
+                            } else if(*it != '}') {
+                                // one char before the }, treat as base if possible
+                                if(*it == 'd' || *it == 'h' || *it == 'H' || *it == 'o' || *it == 'b') {
+                                    options.base = *it++;
+                                } else {
+                                    options.fill = *it++;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                MICROFMT_ASSERT(false);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        MICROFMT_ASSERT(*it == '}');
+                        MICROFMT_ASSERT(arg_i < N);
+                        args[arg_i++].write(str, options);
+                    }
+                } else if(*it == '}') {
+                    // parse }} escape
+                    if(peek() == '}') {
+                        str += '}';
+                        it++;
+                    } else {
+                        MICROFMT_ASSERT(false);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    str += *it;
+                }
+                it++;
+            }
+            return str;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    std::string format(const std::string& format_string, Args... args) {
+        return detail::format<sizeof...(args)>(format_string, {detail::format_value(args)...});
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void print(const std::string& format_string, Args... args) {
+        std::cout<<format(format_string, args...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void print(std::ostream& ostream, const std::string& format_string, Args... args) {
+        ostream<<format(format_string, args...);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/utils/utils.hpp b/src/utils/utils.hpp
index fdef76c..6ea0c6c 100644
--- a/src/utils/utils.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/utils.hpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "common.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
+#include "microfmt.hpp"
 
 #if IS_WINDOWS
  #include <windows.h>

From 47e7ee79eba25ac2ea06a35629cb2374980e0e9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy <51220084+jeremy-rifkin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 11:09:28 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 18/18] Formatting update

---
 src/utils/microfmt.hpp | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/utils/microfmt.hpp b/src/utils/microfmt.hpp
index 4386b03..b9d7f4c 100644
--- a/src/utils/microfmt.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/microfmt.hpp
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ namespace microfmt {
             }
         };
 
-        inline int parse_int(std::string::const_iterator begin, std::string::const_iterator end) {
+        inline int parse_int(const char* begin, const char* end) {
             int x = 0;
             for(auto it = begin; it != end; it++) {
                 MICROFMT_ASSERT(isdigit(*it));
@@ -207,12 +207,12 @@ namespace microfmt {
         }
 
         template<std::size_t N>
-        std::string format(const std::string& format_string, std::array<format_value, N> args) {
+        std::string format(const char* fmt_begin, const char* fmt_end, std::array<format_value, N> args) {
             std::string str;
             std::size_t arg_i = 0;
-            auto it = format_string.begin();
+            auto it = fmt_begin;
             auto peek = [&] (std::size_t dist = 1) -> char { // 0 on failure
-                if(it != format_string.end()) {
+                if(it != fmt_end) {
                     return *(it + dist);
                 } else {
                     return 0;
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ namespace microfmt {
             };
             auto read_number = [&] () -> int { // -1 on failure
                 auto scan = it;
-                while(scan != format_string.end() && isdigit(*scan)) {
+                while(scan != fmt_end && isdigit(*scan)) {
                     scan++;
                 }
                 if(scan != it) {
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ namespace microfmt {
                     return -1;
                 }
             };
-            while(it != format_string.end()) {
+            while(it != fmt_end) {
                 if(*it == '{') {
                     if(peek() == '{') {
                         // try to handle escape
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ namespace microfmt {
                     } else {
                         // parse format string
                         it++;
-                        MICROFMT_ASSERT(it != format_string.end());
+                        MICROFMT_ASSERT(it != fmt_end);
                         format_options options;
                         // try to parse alignment
                         if(*it == '<' || *it == '>') {
@@ -298,18 +298,27 @@ namespace microfmt {
     }
 
     template<typename... Args>
-    std::string format(const std::string& format_string, Args... args) {
-        return detail::format<sizeof...(args)>(format_string, {detail::format_value(args)...});
+    #if defined(__cpp_lib_string_view) && __cpp_lib_string_view >= 201606L
+    std::string format(std::string_view fmt, Args&&... args) {
+    #else
+    std::string format(const std::string& fmt, Args&&... args) {
+    #endif
+        return detail::format<sizeof...(args)>(fmt.begin(), fmt.end(), {detail::format_value(args)...});
     }
 
     template<typename... Args>
-    void print(const std::string& format_string, Args... args) {
-        std::cout<<format(format_string, args...);
+    std::string format(const char* fmt, Args&&... args) {
+        return detail::format<sizeof...(args)>(fmt, fmt + std::strlen(fmt), {detail::format_value(args)...});
     }
 
-    template<typename... Args>
-    void print(std::ostream& ostream, const std::string& format_string, Args... args) {
-        ostream<<format(format_string, args...);
+    template<typename S, typename... Args>
+    void print(const S& fmt, Args&&... args) {
+        std::cout<<format(fmt, args...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename S, typename... Args>
+    void print(std::ostream& ostream, const S& fmt, Args&&... args) {
+        ostream<<format(fmt, args...);
     }
 }